Norway is home to a small number of snake species. Encounters are not common due to their shy nature and the country’s cool climate, which is not ideal for large reptile populations. Three distinct snake species inhabit various regions.
Native Snake Species
The Common European Adder, known locally as “Hoggorm,” is Norway’s only venomous snake. These adders typically measure between 60 to 90 centimeters and display colors from light brown to gray or entirely black. A distinctive dark zigzag pattern runs along their backs, and many have a V or X-shaped marking on their heads.
The Grass Snake, or “Buorm,” is a non-venomous species and Norway’s largest, reaching up to 1.5 meters. Its coloration varies, often appearing olive-green, brown, or grayish, sometimes with dark spots. A key identifying feature is the yellowish or orange collar behind its head. Grass Snakes are often found near water bodies, like marshes and ponds, and are known for feigning death when threatened.
The Smooth Snake, or “Slettsnok,” is also non-venomous and Norway’s rarest snake, listed as threatened. These elusive snakes typically grow up to 60 centimeters, though some reach 93 centimeters. They are generally gray or brown with two rows of indistinct dark spots running down their backs, and their scales feel notably smooth. Smooth Snakes are secretive, preferring dry, sunny habitats.
Encountering Snakes in Norway
Snakes in Norway are timid and avoid human contact, biting only if threatened, stepped on, or handled. The Common European Adder, Norway’s only venomous snake, often inhabits forest clearings, heathlands, and rocky areas where they can bask in the sun. Grass Snakes are usually found near wetlands and other water sources, while Smooth Snakes prefer dry, south-facing coastal areas. Being aware of these typical habitats can help in avoiding unexpected encounters.
When exploring these areas, wearing sturdy footwear and being mindful of your surroundings can help prevent encounters. If a snake is spotted, it is important to observe it from a distance and not attempt to approach, provoke, or pick it up. Snakes will typically move away if given space.
If an adder bite occurs, it is rarely fatal to humans, but medical attention is necessary. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, and bruising at the bite. In cases of severe symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness, fainting, or rapid swelling, immediately call Norway’s emergency number, 113.
While awaiting medical help, remain calm, clean the bite wound, and keep the bitten limb still and below the level of the heart to help slow any potential spread of venom. Avoid traditional first aid methods like cutting the wound or attempting to suck out the venom. Medical professionals may monitor the bite for several hours and, in severe cases, administer an antivenom.