North Dakota experiences tornadoes, which are a regular, though variable, part of the state’s annual weather patterns. While not typically associated with the more famous “Tornado Alley” further south, the state possesses its own areas susceptible to tornadic activity. Understanding these storms’ characteristics, including their frequency, timing, and typical locations, helps residents prepare and ensure safety when severe weather arises.
North Dakota’s Tornado Frequency and Timing
North Dakota experiences approximately 32 tornadoes each year. This number fluctuates annually, with some years seeing as few as two and others as many as 65 (1950-2004). The peak tornado season typically occurs during the summer months, particularly June and July. June is the most active month, accounting for approximately 38% of all recorded tornado events in the state.
Tornado activity can begin as early as March and extend into October, but the likelihood is highest in summer. The primary tornado season, encompassing June, July, and August, accounts for about 86% of all tornadoes in the state. Tornadoes generally occur during the late afternoon and early evening hours.
Where Tornadoes Strike and What to Expect
Tornadoes in North Dakota are most likely to occur in the eastern part of the state, within North Dakota’s “tornado alley.” The Red River Valley and counties near the Minnesota border, such as Grand Forks, Steele, Nelson, Griggs, and Pembina, have shown higher tornado activity. Cass County, in eastern North Dakota, has historically recorded the most tornadoes since 1950.
Most tornadoes in North Dakota are generally weaker, classified as EF0 or EF1 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale, accounting for about 86% of all events. Stronger tornadoes, including EF2 or higher, can occur. The state has experienced significant events, including an F5 tornado in Fargo in 1957, which was the deadliest in North Dakota’s history. Meteorological conditions contributing to tornado formation often involve the clash of different air masses, creating environments conducive to supercell thunderstorms.
Essential Tornado Preparedness and Safety
Understanding the difference between a tornado watch and a tornado warning is important. A tornado watch indicates conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form. A tornado warning means a tornado has been sighted or indicated by radar, signifying imminent danger. Warnings are issued for smaller, localized areas where immediate action is required.
When a tornado warning is issued, move to a safe shelter quickly. The safest place in a home is typically a basement or an underground storm shelter. If a basement is unavailable, seek refuge in an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy building, such as a bathroom, closet, or hallway away from windows. For those caught outdoors or in a vehicle, it is unsafe to try to outrun a tornado. Instead, find the closest sturdy building or, if no shelter is available, lie flat in a low-lying area like a ditch and protect your head.
Developing a family emergency plan, having a weather radio, and staying informed through local weather alerts are important for preparedness. NOAA Weather Radios provide continuous weather information and can alert individuals to severe weather even during power outages.