New Zealand hosts populations of Huntsman spiders, though they are not native to the country. These large, fast-moving arachnids are Australian immigrants that established themselves in warmer urban areas, primarily after being accidentally introduced via shipping and trade. While their size and speed can be alarming, the local species are generally not a cause for serious concern. They remain localized near the areas of their initial arrival.
Identifying New Zealand’s Huntsman Spiders
The most widely known Huntsman species in New Zealand is Delena cancerides, often referred to locally as the Avondale spider. It is also called the flat huntsman due to its distinctly flattened body shape, which allows it to squeeze into narrow crevices. The Avondale spider typically exhibits a pale fawn or grey-brown coloration, providing excellent camouflage against bark and timber. Adult females can reach a leg span exceeding 15 centimeters, making them one of the largest spiders found in the country.
Their legs are a defining feature, possessing a unique crab-like orientation where the joints are twisted to allow the legs to spread out laterally. This enables them to move rapidly sideways and forward, contributing to their reputation as swift hunters. These spiders are active nocturnal predators; they do not spin webs but instead hunt down insects like moths and cockroaches. Another identified species is the Christchurch huntsman, Isopedella victorialis, which is mottled grey and similar in form.
Where Huntsman Spiders Are Found in New Zealand
The distribution of Huntsman spiders in New Zealand is patchy and strongly linked to human-modified environments and warmer microclimates. The flat huntsman, Delena cancerides, is heavily concentrated around Auckland, specifically the Avondale suburb where it first became established in the early 1920s. This species has not spread widely beyond this initial area, possibly due to the lack of suitable natural habitat elsewhere.
The Christchurch huntsman and other introduced grey huntsman species are also found in urban centers, including the Christchurch area and parts of the North Island like Napier. These spiders seek out sheltered, tight spaces that mimic their natural habitat under loose tree bark. Consequently, they are commonly encountered indoors, hiding behind curtains, under furniture, in sheds, and inside vehicles. Their preference for dry, secluded spots means that sightings are often concentrated in storage areas or places less frequently disturbed.
Comparing NZ Huntsman Spiders to Australian Species
The size and reputation of the Huntsman spiders found in New Zealand are often exaggerated due to the image of their Australian relatives. While the Avondale spider has a leg span of up to 15 centimeters, this is modest compared to larger Australian species. Certain Australian species, such as the Grey Huntsman (Holconia immanis), which is also establishing itself in New Zealand, can reach a leg span closer to 23 centimeters. The largest known Huntsman species globally can reach 30 centimeters.
The temperament of the New Zealand Huntsman species is generally shy and docile toward humans. They prefer to flee when disturbed rather than bite, and their venom is of minor medical significance. Bites are infrequent and typically result in only localized pain and swelling that subsides quickly. This contrasts with the perception of large Australian spiders, many of which are known for being more defensive. The harmless nature of the Avondale spider is illustrated by the fact that the New Zealand population was used as the “talent” for the spiders in the 1990 film Arachnophobia.