Tooth pain can be an uncomfortable experience, ranging from a dull ache to sharp, throbbing sensations. When faced with such discomfort, many individuals seek over-the-counter solutions. Naproxen, a common medication, is often considered to alleviate the symptoms of a toothache.
How Naproxen Works for Tooth Pain
Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an NSAID. It helps manage pain by targeting inflammation, a common cause of dental discomfort. The body produces chemicals called prostaglandins that promote inflammation and pain in response to irritation or injury, such as from cavities, gum disease, or infections.
Naproxen works by inhibiting specific enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX enzymes), both COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are responsible for producing prostaglandins. By blocking these enzymes, naproxen reduces the production of prostaglandins, thereby decreasing inflammation and the associated pain and swelling. This allows naproxen to reduce mild to moderate tooth pain, offering temporary relief.
Safe Use and Important Considerations
When using over-the-counter naproxen for tooth pain, adults take 220 mg every 8 to 12 hours as needed. For the first dose, two pills (440 mg) can be taken within the first hour, but subsequent doses should be limited to one. Do not exceed 440 mg in a 12-hour period or 660 mg (three pills) within 24 hours.
Naproxen can cause side effects like stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, or heartburn. Taking it with food can minimize these gastrointestinal issues. More serious NSAID risks include stomach bleeding, kidney problems, and cardiovascular events like heart attack or stroke, especially with prolonged use or higher doses.
Individuals should avoid naproxen if they have:
A history of ulcers
Severe kidney or liver disease
Certain heart conditions
Allergies to NSAIDs
Naproxen can also interact with other medications, such as blood thinners, increasing the risk of bleeding. Consulting a healthcare professional or pharmacist is advisable for safe use.
When to Seek Professional Dental Care
Naproxen provides temporary relief from tooth pain, but does not address the underlying cause. Conditions like cavities, infections, or gum disease require professional dental attention to prevent complications. Ignoring the root cause can lead to worsening pain and serious health issues.
Seek immediate dental evaluation if tooth pain is severe, worsens, lasts more than a few days, or does not respond to pain relievers.
Other signs that warrant prompt dental care include:
Swelling in the face or jaw
A fever
Pus or a foul taste in the mouth
Difficulty chewing or opening the mouth
Persistent tooth pain indicates professional diagnosis and treatment are necessary to resolve the issue.