Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to alleviate pain and inflammation. It is a common option for managing discomfort, including various types of headaches. Available both over-the-counter and by prescription, naproxen offers relief for many.
How Naproxen Relieves Headaches
Naproxen works by targeting chemical processes that contribute to pain and inflammation. As an NSAID, it primarily inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes produce prostaglandins, compounds that cause pain, inflammation, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin synthesis, naproxen lessens the body’s inflammatory response and diminishes pain signals, alleviating headache pain. Naproxen sodium, the sodium salt form, is absorbed more rapidly into the bloodstream, potentially offering quicker relief for acute pain.
Types of Headaches Naproxen Can Treat
Naproxen can be effective for several common headache types. It is frequently used for tension headaches, which often manifest as a dull, aching pain or tightness across the forehead or sides of the head. Its anti-inflammatory properties help reduce associated muscle tension and inflammation. For migraine headaches, naproxen is considered for mild to moderate cases or as an adjunctive treatment. It can provide pain relief, especially when used early in a migraine attack. Naproxen is also useful in treating menstrual headaches, which are linked to hormonal fluctuations and often respond well to NSAIDs due to their anti-inflammatory action.
Safe and Effective Use
Over-the-counter naproxen typically comes in a 220-milligram strength. For headache relief, adults and adolescents aged 12 and older can take one tablet every 8 to 12 hours as needed. For the first dose, some individuals may take two tablets (440 mg) within the first hour to achieve faster relief. Do not exceed two tablets (440 mg) in any 8- to 12-hour period, or more than three tablets (660 mg) in a 24-hour period. To minimize stomach upset, take naproxen with food, milk, or a full glass of water. Always follow product label directions for safe and effective use.
Important Considerations and When to Seek Medical Advice
While generally well-tolerated, naproxen can cause side effects. Common side effects include stomach upset, heartburn, nausea, dizziness, and headache. More serious, though less frequent, side effects can involve gastrointestinal bleeding, presenting as black, tarry stools or vomiting blood.
Naproxen can also increase blood pressure and carries a risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, especially with long-term use or higher doses. Individuals with a history of stomach ulcers, kidney disease, heart conditions, or those taking blood thinners should use caution or avoid naproxen. Pregnant individuals should avoid naproxen after 20 weeks of pregnancy, as it may harm the unborn baby.
Seek medical attention if headaches worsen, change in character, or become persistent despite medication. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if experiencing severe side effects such as chest pain, shortness of breath, unusual bleeding or bruising, severe abdominal pain, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. These symptoms could indicate a serious underlying condition or an adverse reaction requiring prompt medical evaluation.