Naltrexone is a medication primarily used in the management of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and opioid use disorder (OUD). It functions by blocking the effects of opioids and reducing cravings associated with substance use, making it a component of medication-assisted treatment (MAT). This medication is available in both oral tablet and long-acting injectable forms. It does not produce opioid-like effects and is not considered addictive.
Naltrexone and Headache Occurrence
Headaches are a commonly reported side effect for individuals taking naltrexone. These headaches are often mild and subside as the body adapts to the medication. Headaches can occur in more than 10% of users. This makes headaches one of the more frequent side effects, alongside gastrointestinal issues like nausea. In many cases, these headaches are temporary and resolve without intervention as treatment continues.
Factors Contributing to Headaches and Management Strategies
The occurrence of headaches with naltrexone stems from its action as an opioid antagonist, which blocks opioid receptors in the brain. This can lead to central nervous system effects as the body adjusts to the medication. Headaches might also be related to changes in the body’s natural endorphin system, potentially causing a temporary “endorphin rush” when the medication’s effects wear off. They are also a common symptom during the initial adjustment period or when the dosage is being increased.
Managing these headaches involves practical strategies. Staying well-hydrated is important, as dehydration can worsen headaches. Ensuring adequate sleep and practicing stress-reducing techniques can also be beneficial. Taking oral naltrexone with food may help reduce gastrointestinal upset, which could indirectly alleviate headache symptoms. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can effectively manage temporary headaches.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While naltrexone-related headaches are often mild and temporary, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Individuals should contact their healthcare provider if headaches become severe, persistent, or worsen over time. It is also important to seek medical advice if headaches are accompanied by other concerning symptoms. These include vision changes, confusion, fever, or signs of liver issues such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, pale stools, unusual weakness, or persistent upper abdominal pain.
Other serious symptoms that require prompt medical evaluation include severe allergic reactions like skin rash, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing. Additionally, any signs of depression, thoughts of self-harm, or significant changes in mood or behavior should be reported to a healthcare provider. It is crucial not to adjust the medication dosage or discontinue naltrexone without professional medical guidance.