Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organic sulfur compound found naturally in plants, animals, and humans. It is widely available as a dietary supplement, often marketed for its anti-inflammatory properties and joint support. People seeking to enhance hair, skin, and nail health have increasingly turned to MSM. This article explores the theoretical basis for MSM’s effect on hair and reviews the current scientific evidence.
How MSM Supports Keratin Production
The theoretical benefit of MSM for hair growth is linked to its composition as a source of bioavailable sulfur. Hair is primarily composed of keratin, which provides structural integrity. Sulfur is an integral component of this protein, forming disulfide bonds that act as strong cross-links within the keratin structure.
MSM is hypothesized to provide the necessary sulfur building blocks, allowing the body to form stronger and more stable keratin. Supplying this readily available sulfur may enhance the strength of the hair shaft, reducing breakage. This strengthening effect could lead to the appearance of thicker and longer hair. Additionally, some research suggests MSM may help prolong the anagen, or growth phase, of the hair cycle.
Reviewing the Clinical Evidence
Scientific investigation into MSM’s effects on human hair growth remains limited, though initial findings are promising. A double-blind study examined the efficacy of oral MSM supplementation on hair and nail appearance. Subjects taking either a 1-gram or 3-gram dose daily for four months reported improvements in hair condition and appearance.
The study noted that the higher 3-gram daily dose delivered quicker and more pronounced benefits compared to the 1-gram dose. Reported benefits included perceived increases in hair shine and volume. Another human trial, involving patients with telogen effluvium (a form of temporary hair loss), found that a majority of participants reported new hair growth and improved hair volume after taking an MSM-containing supplement for 45 to 120 days.
Despite these positive outcomes, the current research has limitations. Many studies involve small sample sizes and are sometimes funded by supplement manufacturers. While results suggest MSM can improve hair appearance and strength, more extensive and independent long-term studies are needed to confirm its efficacy for accelerating hair growth or treating common types of hair loss.
Recommended Dosage and Safety Profile
Based on research showing benefits for hair and nails, effective dosages of MSM generally range between 1 gram and 3 grams per day. The higher end, 3 grams daily, has been associated with more significant and faster improvements in hair appearance in clinical settings. MSM is widely considered a well-tolerated supplement, even up to 4 grams daily, and is recognized as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
If side effects occur, they are usually mild and may involve temporary gastrointestinal issues. Some individuals report mild symptoms such as nausea, bloating, or stomach discomfort upon starting supplementation. Because research on long-term effects and potential drug interactions is limited, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before beginning any new supplement regimen, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking prescription medications.