Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono, is a viral illness frequently affecting adolescents and young adults. It is typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which spreads through saliva. This article explores the link between mono and congestion, other symptoms, and management strategies.
Mono and Nasal Congestion
Mono can lead to nasal congestion due to the body’s immune response to the Epstein-Barr virus. The infection triggers inflammation in the mucous membranes lining the nasal passages and throat. This inflammation causes tissues to swell, leading to stuffiness and pressure.
Swelling of lymph nodes in the neck and throat, a hallmark of mono, can also contribute to congestion. Enlarged lymph nodes exert pressure on surrounding structures, making nasal breathing difficult, even if passages are not completely blocked. Inflammation can also result in post-nasal drip, irritating the throat and causing a cough.
Other Common Mono Symptoms
While nasal congestion can occur, mono is characterized by a broader set of symptoms. Extreme fatigue is a prominent and often prolonged symptom. A sore throat, often severe, may include swollen tonsils, sometimes with a whitish coating.
Fever is typical, often accompanied by chills. Swollen lymph nodes are common in the neck and armpits. Other symptoms include headaches, muscle aches, and occasionally a skin rash. The spleen or liver may also become enlarged.
Managing Mono Symptoms
Managing mono symptoms primarily focuses on supportive care, as antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections like mono. Rest is important for recovery, allowing the body to fight the infection effectively. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water and fruit juices, helps alleviate fever and sore throat and prevents dehydration.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help reduce fever, headaches, and muscle aches. For nasal congestion, saline nasal sprays can help moisten nasal passages and clear mucus. Gargling with warm salt water several times a day can also provide relief for a sore throat.
When to Consult a Doctor
While mono often resolves on its own, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. If symptoms do not improve within a week or two, or if they worsen, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider. Seek immediate medical care for severe abdominal pain, particularly in the upper left side, as this could indicate a ruptured spleen, a rare but serious complication.
Difficulty breathing or swallowing, persistent high fever (over 101.5°F or 38.6°C), severe headaches, or a stiff neck also require prompt medical evaluation. Additionally, if you notice yellowing of the skin or eyes, known as jaundice, it is important to contact your doctor.