Methotrexate is a medication used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, and certain types of cancer. It functions as an immunosuppressant, reducing the activity of the body’s immune system to manage inflammatory conditions. In chemotherapy, it slows the growth of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells. Its broad application stems from its ability to interfere with cell growth and reduce inflammation.
Weight Changes and Methotrexate
Weight loss can be a side effect experienced by some individuals taking methotrexate, although it is not a universal outcome. While some patients may notice a decrease in their body weight, others might not experience any significant change, and in fewer cases, some might even observe a slight weight gain. This variability highlights that the medication’s effect on weight is not consistent across all users. The occurrence of weight loss is typically linked to other side effects of the drug rather than being a direct metabolic action.
While weight loss is often the primary focus, it is important to acknowledge that weight gain, though less common, has been reported in a small percentage of patients. This less frequent occurrence can sometimes be attributed to factors such as improved health status, increased appetite as the underlying condition is managed, or lifestyle changes not directly related to the medication itself.
Reasons for Weight Fluctuations
Weight changes associated with methotrexate often stem from common side effects that impact a person’s ability or desire to eat. Nausea and vomiting are frequently reported side effects that can lead to reduced food intake. When individuals feel persistently nauseous or experience vomiting, their calorie consumption naturally decreases, resulting in weight loss over time. These gastrointestinal disturbances can make mealtimes unappealing and challenging.
Another contributing factor to weight loss is the development of mouth sores (stomatitis). These painful sores in the mouth can make chewing and swallowing difficult, deterring adequate food intake. Changes in taste perception and a general loss of appetite are also common, making food less appealing. These side effects collectively contribute to a decrease in calorie consumption, leading to unintended weight loss for some individuals.
Supporting Your Nutrition
Maintaining adequate nutrition while taking methotrexate involves practical strategies to manage potential side effects that can affect appetite and food intake. Eating smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day can be more manageable than trying to consume large portions. This approach can help ensure a more consistent calorie intake, even if appetite is diminished. Choosing bland foods may also be beneficial, particularly if nausea is present, as these foods are generally less likely to trigger stomach upset.
Staying well-hydrated is also important. Clear fluids, broths, or rehydration solutions can help prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting occurs. For individuals experiencing mouth sores, selecting soft, non-acidic foods can minimize discomfort during eating. Avoiding foods that are spicy, very hot, or rough in texture can help prevent irritation of the mouth sores. Prioritizing nutrient-dense foods in smaller quantities can help meet daily nutritional needs despite challenges.
Consulting Your Doctor
It is important to communicate any significant or unexplained weight changes to your healthcare provider while taking methotrexate. Unintended weight loss, especially if substantial or rapid, should be reported for proper evaluation. Similarly, if you experience severe nausea, persistent vomiting, or mouth sores that significantly interfere with your ability to eat, seeking medical advice is advisable. These symptoms can hinder proper nutrition and may require intervention.
Your doctor can assess the severity of these side effects and determine if medication adjustments or supportive therapies are needed. They can also investigate other potential causes for weight changes, ensuring a comprehensive approach to your health. Open communication with your healthcare team helps in managing side effects effectively and maintaining overall well-being during treatment.