Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for managing type 2 diabetes and sometimes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Patients often wonder about potential side effects, including hair loss. This article examines the link between metformin and hair health, exploring whether it directly causes hair loss and other contributing factors.
Metformin and Hair Loss
Current scientific evidence does not strongly support a direct causal link between metformin and hair loss. While some individuals have reported experiencing hair thinning or loss while taking the medication, these instances are generally considered rare. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not list hair loss as a common side effect of metformin.
One report from 2017 described a patient taking metformin and another diabetes medication who experienced eyebrow and eyelash loss, but it was not definitively clear if metformin was the sole cause given the presence of other medications and potential contributing factors. In contrast, some research, such as a 2016 clinical trial involving individuals with PCOS, has even suggested that metformin might reduce hair loss in this population, as hair loss can be a symptom of PCOS itself.
Understanding Potential Influences on Hair Health
While metformin may not directly cause hair loss, it could indirectly influence hair health. One mechanism involves vitamin B12 absorption. Long-term metformin use can decrease the body’s ability to absorb vitamin B12.
Individuals taking metformin can have lower vitamin B12 levels. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can contribute to hair loss. This vitamin is involved in DNA synthesis and red blood cell function, important for healthy hair follicles. Reduced B12 absorption could lead to hair thinning or shedding over time.
Considering Other Causes of Hair Loss
Hair loss can stem from numerous factors beyond medication. Genetic predisposition, often referred to as androgenetic alopecia, is a common cause, affecting both men and women as they age. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, or due to conditions like thyroid disease and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can also lead to hair thinning.
Physical or emotional stress can trigger a condition called telogen effluvium, where a significant amount of hair sheds approximately two to three months after a stressful event. Nutritional deficiencies, including insufficient intake of iron, protein, biotin, or zinc, are further contributors to hair loss. Certain medical conditions, infections, autoimmune diseases, and even aggressive hair care practices like tight hairstyles or chemical treatments, can also play a role in hair loss.
Steps to Take If You Notice Hair Loss
If you observe hair loss while taking metformin, it is important to consult a healthcare professional. They can help determine the underlying cause and advise on appropriate steps. Do not stop taking metformin without medical guidance, as discontinuing it can lead to serious health issues, especially for those managing type 2 diabetes.
Your doctor may recommend blood tests to check for nutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12, or to investigate other medical conditions that could be contributing to hair loss. If a vitamin B12 deficiency is identified, supplementation may be suggested. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients like iron, zinc, and biotin, along with managing stress levels, can generally support overall hair health.