Meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is commonly prescribed to alleviate pain and inflammation. It is widely used to manage symptoms associated with various forms of arthritis, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. This medication helps reduce discomfort, swelling, stiffness, and tenderness in the joints. Meloxicam is a prescription-only medication, unlike some other NSAIDs available over-the-counter.
How Meloxicam Addresses Pain
Meloxicam works by targeting specific enzymes within the body known as cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, particularly COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are instrumental in the production of prostaglandins, natural compounds that contribute to inflammation, pain signaling, and fever responses. By inhibiting these COX enzymes, meloxicam effectively reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins. This reduction in prostaglandin levels helps to decrease inflammation, lessen pain sensations, and lower elevated body temperature. Meloxicam is considered a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, meaning it primarily blocks the COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1. This selective action is thought to potentially lead to fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to NSAIDs that inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 equally. However, it still carries a risk of stomach issues.
Meloxicam for Headache Relief
Meloxicam’s ability to reduce inflammation and pain makes it a consideration for certain types of headaches. While not a first-line treatment for all headaches, its pain-relieving properties can extend to conditions with an inflammatory component. It has shown effectiveness in managing migraine pain, potentially decreasing migraine intensity and frequency.
A specific combination product containing meloxicam and rizatriptan, a triptan medication, has received FDA approval for the acute treatment of migraines, with or without aura. Clinical studies have demonstrated that a single dose of this combination can provide rapid and sustained pain relief for migraine sufferers. This suggests a targeted role for meloxicam in acute migraine management, especially when combined with a triptan. Although extensive trials specifically for meloxicam alone in migraine prevention are limited, its long half-life, allowing for once-daily dosing, suggests it could be suitable for preventing migraine attacks. Meloxicam may be considered for headaches that have an underlying inflammatory basis.
Guidance for Taking Meloxicam
Meloxicam is generally taken orally, usually once a day. It can be taken with or without food, but consuming it with food or a meal may help prevent an upset stomach. It is important to take the medication at the same time each day to maintain consistent levels in the body.
Dosages for adults typically range from 7.5 mg to 15 mg once daily for conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The maximum recommended dose is generally 15 mg per day. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by a healthcare professional and not exceed the prescribed dose.
The duration of use should be as short as possible, and the lowest effective dose should be used to minimize potential risks. If using the liquid form, the bottle should be gently shaken before use, and a special measuring device should be used for accurate dosing.
What to Know About Side Effects
Meloxicam, like other NSAIDs, can cause side effects. Common side effects may include stomach upset, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness. Headaches are also a reported side effect. Swelling, particularly in the ankles or feet, can also occur.
More serious side effects are possible and can occur without warning, including gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, or perforations in the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. Individuals over 65 years old or those with a history of stomach ulcers are at a higher risk.
Meloxicam also carries a risk of serious cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, especially with long-term or high-dose use. This risk can occur even in people without pre-existing heart disease.
Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, high blood pressure, kidney problems, or liver disease should discuss their medical history with a healthcare provider before taking meloxicam. Signs of serious issues, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, sudden weakness, black or tarry stools, or persistent severe stomach pain, require immediate medical attention.