Many people wonder if melatonin causes tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source. Tinnitus affects 15% to 20% of people, particularly older adults. Melatonin is also a widely used over-the-counter supplement, with over 27% of U.S. adults reporting its use for sleep in 2022. This article explores the scientific understanding of melatonin’s relationship with tinnitus, including its potential role in managing symptoms.
Understanding Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the ears or head without an external source. These phantom sounds can manifest as ringing, buzzing, roaring, hissing, throbbing, or clicking. They may be heard in one or both ears, varying in intensity from a mild distraction to a significantly bothersome condition.
Most tinnitus cases are subjective, meaning only the affected individual hears the sounds. Objective tinnitus is less common, occurring when a healthcare provider can also detect the sound, often due to vascular or muscular issues. Tinnitus is usually a symptom of an underlying condition, not a disease itself. Common causes include noise exposure, age-related hearing loss, earwax blockage, and ototoxic medications. Meniere’s disease, high blood pressure, and head or neck injuries can also contribute.
Understanding Melatonin
Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the pineal gland in the brain. Its primary role is regulating the body’s sleep-wake cycle, or circadian rhythm. The brain releases melatonin in response to darkness, signaling the body to prepare for sleep.
As an over-the-counter supplement, melatonin is often synthetically derived. People commonly use it for sleep disturbances like insomnia, jet lag, and shift work issues. When used appropriately and for short periods, melatonin is generally considered safe.
Investigating the Link Between Melatonin and Tinnitus
Concerns sometimes arise about melatonin directly causing tinnitus. However, current scientific evidence does not strongly support a direct causal link between melatonin supplementation and tinnitus onset or worsening.
If tinnitus symptoms appear or intensify while taking melatonin, it is often coincidental. This could be due to other underlying factors, such as noise exposure, age-related changes, or medical conditions known to cause tinnitus. The current understanding indicates melatonin is not a common cause of tinnitus.
Melatonin’s Role in Tinnitus Management
While melatonin does not cause tinnitus, it can aid in managing associated symptoms. Tinnitus often disrupts sleep, leading to insomnia and reduced quality of life. Melatonin’s role in promoting sleep can indirectly help alleviate these sleep disturbances.
Improving sleep quality with melatonin can reduce tinnitus severity and intrusiveness. Research suggests melatonin benefits those with tinnitus, especially when insomnia is also present. Studies show melatonin use is associated with improved sleep and decreased tinnitus intensity, particularly in patients with severe or bilateral tinnitus, or a history of noise exposure. These benefits likely stem from melatonin’s calming effects and its contribution to a well-rested brain, which can help mitigate tinnitus-related distress.
Important Considerations for Melatonin Use
When considering melatonin, be aware of its general side effects. Common side effects include drowsiness, headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Some individuals might also experience vivid dreams or mild anxiety. Avoid driving or operating machinery for several hours after taking melatonin due to its sedative effects.
Melatonin is usually taken about 30 minutes before bedtime to support the natural sleep cycle. Dosages typically range from 1 to 5 milligrams, but appropriate use depends on individual needs and the specific sleep issue.
Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, including melatonin. This is especially important for individuals with existing health conditions, those taking other medications, or if tinnitus is a concern. A professional can ensure safe usage and rule out underlying causes. Melatonin supports tinnitus-related sleep problems, but it is not a cure for tinnitus itself.