MCT oil is derived from sources like coconut and palm kernel oil, and it has gained popularity for its health benefits. The question of whether it causes acne is common among users. The answer is complex and depends entirely on the oil’s precise chemical makeup and how it is applied. The refining process significantly alters the oil’s interaction with the skin. Understanding the components of MCT oil is the first step in determining its potential effect on your complexion.
Understanding MCT Oil Composition
MCT oil is a concentrated source of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are saturated fats with a carbon chain length of 6 to 12 atoms. These fatty acids are extracted and isolated from whole oils, such as coconut oil, which naturally contains a mix of both medium- and long-chain triglycerides. The four main MCFAs are Caproic Acid (C6), Caprylic Acid (C8), Capric Acid (C10), and Lauric Acid (C12).
Most high-quality MCT oil is a blend of Caprylic Acid (C8) and Capric Acid (C10), as these types are prized for their rapid absorption. Lauric Acid (C12) is often removed from MCT oil because it behaves more like a long-chain fatty acid and is metabolized slower. Coconut oil, the source for many MCT products, is composed of nearly 50% Lauric Acid, highlighting the difference between the source oil and the refined MCT product.
The Mechanism of Acne Risk: Comedogenicity
Acne risk from topical products is measured by comedogenicity, which is the ability of a substance to clog pores and form comedones, or acne lesions. Not all fatty acids within the medium-chain family share the same comedogenic potential. The risk of a breakout is closely tied to the specific carbon chain length of the fatty acids present.
Lauric Acid (C12) is the primary culprit in MCT-related breakouts due to its high comedogenic rating, typically rated as a 4 out of 5. This fatty acid is a larger molecule that contributes to follicular hyperkeratosis, the process where dead skin cells obstruct the pore. While C12 is known for its antimicrobial properties against P. acnes bacteria, its potential to clog pores often outweighs this benefit for acne-prone individuals.
In contrast, Caprylic Acid (C8) and Capric Acid (C10) have a much lower comedogenic rating, often rated between 1 and 2. This lower rating means they are less likely to block sebaceous follicles. When MCT oil is highly fractionated to contain only C8 and C10, it is considered non-comedogenic and is often well-tolerated even by people with oily or sensitive skin. The presence or absence of Lauric Acid (C12) is the determining factor for the oil’s potential to cause acne.
Safe Usage and Mitigation Strategies
The potential for MCT oil to cause acne depends on whether it is consumed internally or applied topically. Dietary consumption of MCT oil, common in keto or wellness routines, is not linked to causing acne, as the oil is metabolized internally for energy. The primary concern is for topical application, such as when using the oil as a moisturizer or carrier oil.
To minimize the risk of breakouts, select a product that is highly fractionated and explicitly states it contains only Caprylic (C8) and Capric (C10) acids. Avoid any product labeled as “Fractionated Coconut Oil” that does not provide a clear breakdown of the fatty acid content, as it may still contain C12. Even with a low-comedogenic formulation, individual skin sensitivity varies greatly, and a patch test is recommended before widespread use.
Apply a small amount of the oil to a discrete area of your face, such as the jawline, and monitor the area for several days. If no irritation or new blemishes appear, the oil is likely safe for your skin. Choosing the correct type of MCT oil, specifically one that excludes the longer Lauric Acid, is the most effective strategy for enjoying the oil’s benefits without contributing to acne.