The question of whether the popular carbonated, non-alcoholic beverage known as Malta can increase breast milk supply is a common one, rooted in cultural practice and anecdotal reports. Malta is a dark, sweet drink made from malted barley that is widely consumed in many parts of the world, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Many breastfeeding mothers believe this beverage acts as a galactagogue, which is any substance that promotes lactation in humans or animals. This article explores the scientific basis behind this widespread claim, examining the biological mechanism and evaluating the current clinical evidence to determine if Malta is an effective aid for milk production.
What is Malta and Why is it Linked to Lactation?
Malta is essentially a non-fermented beer wort, giving it the characteristic taste of beer but without the alcohol content. Its primary ingredients are water, barley malt, and hops, often with added caramel coloring and a high amount of sugar or corn syrup for sweetness. The beverage is rich in B vitamins and carbohydrates, offering a quick energy boost.
The historical association between Malta and increased milk supply stems from its main component: malted barley. For centuries, traditional remedies for boosting lactation, such as barley gruels and certain non-alcoholic beers, have relied on this grain. This widespread anecdotal evidence has solidified the drink’s reputation as a lactogenic food in various cultures.
The Biological Mechanism: Malt, Barley, and Prolactin
The scientific hypothesis connecting malted barley to lactation centers on a specific compound called beta-glucan. Beta-glucan is a polysaccharide found in high concentrations within the cell walls of barley and oats. This compound is thought to be the active ingredient responsible for any potential galactagogue effects.
Research, primarily conducted in vitro and in animal models, suggests that beta-glucan may stimulate the release of prolactin, the primary hormone responsible for signaling the body to produce milk. This stimulation is hypothesized to occur through the interaction of beta-glucan with specific receptors, which then triggers the pituitary gland to increase prolactin secretion. This proposed mechanism is based on the general properties of barley and not specifically on the Malta beverage itself.
Evaluating the Evidence: Does Malta Increase Milk Supply?
Despite the long-standing cultural belief and the plausible biological mechanism, specific clinical trials on the commercial Malta beverage are largely absent. Most scientific evidence supporting the use of malt extract focuses on proprietary formulas or specific barley-based supplements. One randomized, controlled trial involving mothers of preterm infants found that a galactagogue composition based on barley malt and beta-glucan did result in a significantly higher volume of expressed milk compared to a placebo group.
However, this study used a specific, concentrated formula, and the evidence regarding its effectiveness in the general population of mothers with term infants remains low-certainty. Perceived success with Malta may be due to confounding factors unrelated to the beta-glucan content. Consuming any beverage increases a mother’s overall fluid intake, which supports hydration and lactation. The high sugar content also provides a quick caloric boost, contributing to the energy reserves necessary for milk production.
Safety Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers
Malta is generally recognized as safe for breastfeeding mothers because it is non-alcoholic, eliminating the concern of alcohol passing into breast milk. However, mothers should be aware of the beverage’s nutritional profile when considering regular consumption. A primary concern is the high sugar content and resulting high caloric load.
Regularly drinking sugar-sweetened beverages like Malta can contribute to excessive caloric intake, which may impact maternal weight management goals. Relying on Malta might also displace the consumption of more nutrient-dense foods and drinks important for maternal health during the postpartum period. Before a mother relies on any galactagogue, she should consult with a lactation consultant or healthcare provider. Optimizing breastfeeding technique, frequency, and overall hydration are considered the most effective, evidence-based methods for establishing and maintaining a sufficient milk supply.