Maca Root, scientifically known as Lepidium meyenii, is a cruciferous vegetable native to the high altitudes of the Andes Mountains in Peru. It is often referred to as “Peruvian Ginseng” due to its historical use as a medicinal supplement. Traditionally, the indigenous Andean people consumed Maca to boost energy, enhance endurance, and support fertility. This nutrient-dense root contains various amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. The current interest focuses on its potential benefits for hair health, prompting an investigation into the direct evidence supporting this claim.
Maca Root and the Scientific Evidence for Hair Growth
Direct clinical evidence supporting Maca Root’s ability to stimulate hair growth in humans is currently limited, though encouraging results have emerged from initial studies. Some laboratory findings on specific Maca extracts indicate an ability to promote cellular activity within the hair follicle. For example, a specialized Maca extract has been shown to stimulate the mitosis (cell division) of keratinocytes in the hair bulb, the site of active hair production.
This extract also demonstrated an ability to strengthen the adhesion of hair strands to the scalp, which can reduce fallout and thinning. Other research has explored Maca’s potential to protect the hair follicle from oxidative stress, a process linked to aging and hair loss. While some smaller-scale studies have reported positive outcomes, such as increased hair thickness or reduced self-reported shedding, large-scale human clinical trials remain scarce, focusing primarily on topical application or specific extracts rather than general Maca powder consumption.
How Maca May Influence Hair Health Through Hormones and Stress
The primary mechanism linking Maca to hair health centers on its adaptogenic properties, which help the body manage internal and external stressors. Maca does not contain hormones, but it is theorized to support the endocrine system in maintaining balance. Since chronic stress is a known factor in hair shedding, specifically telogen effluvium, Maca’s potential to modulate the stress response is a significant benefit.
Maca may help regulate levels of cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone, which can indirectly reduce stress-related hair loss. Hormone balance is also relevant for pattern baldness, or androgenic alopecia, where hair follicles are sensitive to androgens. Maca is believed to support the homeostasis of sex hormones, stabilizing the system rather than drastically raising or lowering specific hormone levels. Furthermore, the root’s richness in compounds like macamides and essential minerals supports the health of the hair matrix, providing the necessary building blocks for strong strands.
Forms of Maca and Safety Considerations
Maca Root is commonly available in three forms: raw powder, gelatinized powder, and capsules. Raw Maca powder is the dried and ground root, retaining all enzymes and nutrients, but its starch content can make it difficult to digest. Gelatinized Maca is processed with heat and pressure to remove the starch, making it easier to digest and more concentrated, though this heat can diminish some nutrients like Vitamin C.
Maca also comes in different colors—yellow, red, and black—and these variations are sometimes marketed for slightly different benefits, such as red Maca being preferred for hormonal balance. Individuals with pre-existing hormone-sensitive conditions, such as breast cancer, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis, should exercise caution. Maca may potentially influence estrogen levels, and these individuals should consult a healthcare provider before use. Similarly, pregnant or nursing individuals should seek medical advice due to the lack of sufficient safety data.