Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues throughout the body. While lupus itself does not directly cause weight gain, individuals living with this condition frequently experience changes in their weight. The relationship between lupus and weight fluctuations is complex, influenced by the disease’s effects on the body, the medications used for treatment, and various lifestyle factors. Understanding these interconnected elements is important for managing overall health with lupus.
Inflammation and Fluid Dynamics
Lupus, being an inflammatory disease, can affect the body’s metabolism and lead to weight changes. This ongoing inflammatory state may slow the metabolic rate, meaning the body burns calories at a reduced pace.
Beyond metabolic shifts, lupus can directly impact kidney function, a condition known as lupus nephritis. When the kidneys are inflamed or damaged due to lupus, they may struggle to effectively filter waste and regulate fluid balance. This can lead to fluid retention, or edema, which often appears as swelling in the ankles, legs, or around the eyes. This accumulation of excess fluid registers as weight gain.
Corticosteroids and Their Impact
Corticosteroid medications are frequently prescribed to manage lupus symptoms by reducing inflammation and suppressing immune system activity. These medications are a common cause of weight gain in people with lupus. About 70% of individuals taking corticosteroids long-term may experience weight gain.
Corticosteroids contribute to weight gain through several mechanisms. They can increase appetite. Additionally, these medications cause the body to retain sodium and water, contributing to fluid retention and bloating. Long-term use of corticosteroids can also alter how the body stores fat, often resulting in fat redistribution to areas like the face (moon face) and around the torso (buffalo hump). This change in body composition and fat storage can be particularly noticeable and challenging for individuals.
Lifestyle and Co-existing Health Factors
Several indirect factors related to living with lupus can also influence weight. Fatigue is a common symptom of lupus, making it difficult for individuals to maintain physical activity levels. Joint pain and stiffness can further limit movement and exercise, contributing to reduced calorie expenditure.
Changes in diet can also play a role; some individuals might engage in comfort eating in response to stress or depression. Co-existing health conditions sometimes associated with lupus can impact metabolism and weight. Hypothyroidism is more common in people with lupus and can slow metabolism, leading to weight gain.
Strategies for Weight Management
Managing weight while living with lupus involves a multi-faceted approach. Adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help mitigate weight gain. Limiting processed foods, sugary snacks, and high-fat foods is also beneficial. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water can help manage fluid retention.
Incorporating gentle, low-impact exercise, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, can help maintain physical activity without exacerbating joint pain or fatigue. Stress management techniques, including meditation or deep breathing, can support overall well-being and manage eating habits influenced by stress. Open communication with healthcare providers is important to discuss medication side effects, dosage adjustments, or alternative treatments to manage lupus symptoms while addressing weight concerns.