Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues and organs. This systemic inflammation can manifest in various ways throughout the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organ systems. The development of sores inside the mouth is a common symptom for individuals with lupus.
Oral Sores in Lupus
Individuals with lupus frequently develop sores, often called ulcers or lesions, within their mouth and sometimes in the nose. These oral manifestations are a recognized symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the most common form of lupus. They can occur during active disease flares or when the disease is less active. While some individuals experience these sores without pain, others report discomfort, especially during flares, which can interfere with daily activities like eating or speaking.
Lupus-related mouth sores often present with specific characteristics, helping to distinguish them from more common canker sores. Typically, these lesions appear as red ulcers surrounded by a white halo or white radiating lines. They can be found in various locations within the oral cavity, including the hard palate (roof of the mouth), the inside of the cheeks (buccal mucosa), and on the lips. These sores may be described with medical terms such as discoid lupus lesions or non-specific ulcers, reflecting their appearance and connection to lupus activity. While some overlap in appearance may exist, lupus-related oral lesions are often distinct from typical canker sores, and their presence can be a significant indicator of lupus activity.
How Lupus Causes Mouth Sores
The underlying reason lupus causes mouth sores stems from its autoimmune nature. In lupus, the immune system, which is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, becomes dysregulated and targets healthy tissues instead. This misdirected immune response leads to chronic inflammation throughout the body, including the delicate mucous membranes lining the mouth.
When the immune system attacks the oral tissues, it triggers an inflammatory process that can result in the formation of ulcers or lesions. Factors such as disease flares, hormonal changes, and even certain medications used to treat lupus can contribute to the development or exacerbation of these oral sores. Additionally, some individuals with lupus may experience reduced salivary flow, which can further increase the risk of oral health issues, including the formation of mouth ulcers.
Treating Lupus-Related Mouth Sores
Managing lupus-related mouth sores often involves a combination of medical treatments and self-care strategies aimed at reducing inflammation and alleviating discomfort. Healthcare providers may prescribe topical corticosteroids in the form of gels, pastes, or mouthwashes, which are applied directly to the sores to help reduce inflammation and promote healing. For more severe or persistent ulcers, systemic medications that address the underlying lupus activity, such as antimalarial drugs or other immunosuppressants, may be necessary.
Alongside medical interventions, certain self-care practices can support healing and minimize irritation. Maintaining good oral hygiene is important, including regular brushing with a soft-bristle toothbrush and using non-abrasive toothpaste. Avoiding irritants such as spicy, acidic, or very hot foods, as well as tobacco and alcohol, can help prevent further aggravation of the sores. Over-the-counter numbing gels or rinses containing ingredients like benzocaine can also provide temporary pain relief.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a healthcare professional regarding mouth sores, especially if you have been diagnosed with lupus or suspect you might have the condition. Oral sores can be a sign of active lupus disease and may even be one of the first symptoms to appear. Medical evaluation is important to determine the cause and distinguish them from other conditions.
Seek medical attention if mouth sores are persistent, painful, or interfere with eating or speaking. New oral symptoms alongside other signs of lupus activity, such as unexplained fever, rashes, or joint pain, warrant prompt medical consultation. Your doctor can assess your symptoms, and if necessary, conduct tests like a biopsy to confirm the nature of the lesions and adjust your lupus treatment plan accordingly.