Lupus is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. Mouth ulcers are a recognized symptom of lupus. Their presence can indicate a disease flare-up, making them a concern for those with lupus.
Lupus and Mouth Ulcers
Mouth ulcers are common in individuals with lupus. These oral lesions can appear in various locations, including the roof of the mouth, inside the cheeks, or on the gums and lips. Their appearance often presents as red ulcers that may be surrounded by a white halo or white radiating lines. While some are painful, many lupus-related mouth ulcers are painless.
They are a common feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the most prevalent form of lupus. They can emerge during disease flares or as a side effect of certain lupus medications. Regular oral examinations are beneficial, as painless lesions may go undetected.
How Lupus Triggers Ulcers
Lupus’s autoimmune nature causes the immune system to misidentify healthy oral tissues as foreign invaders. This mistaken attack leads to inflammation and tissue damage within the mouth. The presence of immune complexes also contributes to this inflammatory response, leading to ulcer formation.
Ulcers can signal active disease, as widespread inflammation during a lupus flare can manifest as mouth sores. Reduced salivary flow (hyposalivation) in some individuals can also contribute to ulcer formation.
Other Reasons for Mouth Ulcers
Many other factors can cause mouth ulcers. Common causes include minor injuries, such as accidentally biting the cheek or irritation from dental work or braces. Stress, hormonal changes, and consuming acidic foods can also trigger these sores.
Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamins like B12, folate, or iron, are also known contributors to mouth ulcers. Viral infections, such as those caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), can result in painful blisters and ulcers, often referred to as cold sores or fever blisters. Certain medications or underlying health conditions, including some gastrointestinal diseases, can also lead to oral ulceration.
Addressing Lupus-Related Mouth Ulcers
Managing lupus-related mouth ulcers involves approaches to reduce inflammation and pain. Topical treatments are frequently used, such as corticosteroid gels or pastes applied directly to the affected area. Medicated mouthwashes can also help to soothe the ulcers and promote healing.
For persistent or severe ulcers, systemic medications used to control lupus activity, such as oral corticosteroids or antimalarial drugs, may be adjusted or prescribed. Maintaining good oral hygiene is also beneficial, including gentle brushing and avoiding irritating foods. If mouth sores last longer than three weeks, become very painful, or are accompanied by other new symptoms, seeking medical attention is advised.