Losartan is a widely prescribed medication used to manage high blood pressure, heart failure, to protect kidneys in individuals with diabetes, and to reduce the risk of stroke. While effective in lowering blood pressure, a common concern for new users is the potential for dizziness.
How Losartan Affects Blood Pressure and Dizziness
Losartan belongs to a class of drugs known as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By preventing angiotensin II from binding, Losartan relaxes and widens blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more easily and lowering blood pressure.
Losartan can cause dizziness by lowering blood pressure, sometimes more than the body expects or too rapidly. This effect, known as hypotension, can lead to dizziness. This side effect is common when first starting Losartan or after a dose increase, as the body adjusts to new blood pressure levels.
Recognizing Dizziness Caused by Losartan
Dizziness from Losartan often manifests as lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or a sensation that the room is spinning. This is especially noticeable when changing positions, such as standing up quickly from a sitting or lying position, a phenomenon known as orthostatic hypotension. The body’s blood pressure regulatory mechanisms may not adjust quickly enough to the sudden change in posture.
This type of dizziness is frequently reported within the first few weeks of starting Losartan treatment or following an adjustment in dosage. While generally mild, it is important to recognize these symptoms. Dizziness can also be heightened if a person is taking a diuretic, often referred to as a “water pill,” as this can further reduce blood volume and pressure.
Managing Dizziness and When to Seek Medical Help
If experiencing dizziness while taking Losartan, several practical steps can help. Standing up slowly from a seated or lying position can give the body more time to adjust to blood pressure changes. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids helps maintain blood volume, which can reduce the likelihood of low blood pressure. If dizziness occurs, sitting or lying down immediately can prevent falls and allow the feeling to pass.
It is important to discuss any persistent or concerning dizziness with the prescribing physician. Never stop taking Losartan or change your dosage without medical guidance. Abruptly discontinuing the medication could lead to a sudden and dangerous increase in blood pressure. Medical attention is necessary if dizziness is severe, if fainting occurs, or if dizziness is accompanied by other serious symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, blurred vision, numbness, or tingling. These additional symptoms could signal a more serious underlying issue.