Lactation tea is a popular herbal blend marketed to new mothers who are concerned about having a low milk supply. These teas, which often contain a mix of different botanicals, are intended to function as an accessible way to enhance breast milk production. The core question for parents considering these options is whether the traditional use of these herbal mixtures is supported by scientific evidence.
The Biological Mechanism of Herbal Galactagogues
Herbal ingredients used in these teas are known as galactagogues, substances traditionally thought to induce or increase milk secretion. The primary mechanism is often linked to increasing the levels of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production in the mammary glands.
Some botanical compounds, such as those found in fennel, are believed to act as dopamine-receptor antagonists. Since dopamine naturally inhibits prolactin release, blocking its receptors could potentially lead to higher prolactin levels and therefore more milk production. Other herbs, like fenugreek, contain compounds such as diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, that may exhibit estrogen-like effects. These phytoestrogens are theorized to stimulate the growth of mammary gland tissue, though the exact process in humans is still being investigated.
Clinical Evidence for Effectiveness
Despite the long history of use and the plausible biological theories, the scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of most lactation tea ingredients is mixed and often limited. Research into popular galactagogues like fenugreek and blessed thistle frequently consists of small studies with inconsistent methodologies. Many trials rely on self-reported milk volume or infant weight gain, which can be less precise than controlled measurements.
Some small studies have suggested that a specific herbal tea blend can significantly augment breast milk production compared to a placebo in the early postpartum period. For example, a Thai herbal tea showed similar efficacy to the pharmaceutical galactagogue domperidone in mothers following a Cesarean delivery. However, when individual herbs like fenugreek are studied in isolation, the results regarding a significant increase in milk volume are often inconclusive.
Safety Concerns and Potential Side Effects
Herbal supplements are not subject to the same strict regulation as pharmaceutical drugs. Common side effects associated with herbal galactagogues include gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea and upset stomach in the mother. Fenugreek, in particular, may cause the body and urine to take on a maple syrup-like odor.
There are also specific contraindications that warrant caution, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Fenugreek has been shown to have a blood glucose-lowering effect, which could pose a risk for those taking diabetes medication. Furthermore, due to the lack of comprehensive safety data, there is concern about potential drug interactions or the risk of contamination and mislabeling in unregulated herbal products.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Increasing Milk Supply
When concerns about milk supply arise, the most effective strategies focus on optimizing the physiological process of milk production. Milk production operates on a supply-and-demand principle, meaning the most proven method is increasing the frequency and efficiency of breast emptying. Nursing or pumping at least 8 to 12 times in a 24-hour period helps signal the body to produce more milk.
Other evidence-based methods to increase supply include:
- Power pumping, which mimics a baby’s cluster feeding by alternating short periods of pumping with rest.
- Ensuring a proper latch and positioning, as an ineffective latch prevents the breast from fully emptying.
- Maintaining adequate hydration and eating a nutritious diet, including an extra 330–400 calories daily for breastfeeding.
- Seeking guidance from a certified lactation consultant (IBCLC) to identify and correct underlying issues.