Ketamine is a medication that has been used in medicine for decades. Today, it has seen a resurgence in popularity for its use in mental health, particularly in treating conditions like depression and anxiety through Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP). This renewed interest, especially among individuals receiving lower, sub-anesthetic doses, has led to questions about the recovery process afterward. While many people search for information on a “ketamine hangover,” this term is misleading. The experience following treatment is chemically and physiologically distinct from the severe malaise associated with alcohol.
The Difference Between a Hangover and Ketamine Afterglow
A traditional hangover is a negative reaction caused by the body processing ethanol, which leads to dehydration, inflammation, and the accumulation of toxic byproducts. The residual effects of ketamine, in contrast, are not due to an inflammatory or toxic metabolite buildup. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that acts primarily by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain. This mechanism causes a temporary shift in consciousness and perception, and the residual feeling is often described as an “afterglow” rather than a true hangover. The after-effects resolve as the medication is metabolized.
Specific Post-Ketamine Side Effects
The most commonly reported after-effect is fatigue or lethargy, often described as feeling mentally or physically drained, similar to exhaustion after an intense experience. Many individuals also experience a mild cognitive fog, sometimes referred to as grogginess. This can manifest as temporary difficulty with focus, concentration, or complex thought processes.
Nausea and dizziness are also possible side effects, which are more common with higher doses or certain routes of administration like intravenous (IV) infusion. Ketamine can affect the vestibular system, which regulates balance, leading to unsteadiness or lightheadedness. These physical symptoms are temporary and can often be minimized with prophylactic anti-nausea medication administered before the treatment session.
Timeline for Recovery
The acute, most intense dissociative effects subside relatively quickly, usually within 30 to 60 minutes after administration ends. During this initial period, patients remain under clinical observation until changes in perception and motor function have resolved. The residual phase, characterized by lingering fatigue and cognitive sluggishness, can last for several hours.
Most patients report a return to their normal baseline state within 6 to 12 hours following the treatment session. It is recommended that individuals dedicate the rest of the day to quiet contemplation and rest. By the next day, approximately 24 hours after the session, the vast majority of people are able to resume normal daily activities, including driving and working.
Strategies for Minimizing Discomfort
Planning for a full day of recovery is the most straightforward way to minimize post-treatment discomfort. This includes arranging for transportation home, as driving or operating machinery is restricted for at least 24 hours. Proper hydration is recommended, as drinking water helps the body process the medication and can alleviate mild headaches and dizziness.
To manage potential nausea, start with small sips of clear fluids and avoid heavy or greasy meals immediately following treatment. Bland foods like crackers or toast are often suggested as the first meal post-session. Resting in a quiet, comfortable environment with minimal sensory stimulation can help the mind and body integrate the experience and reduce disorientation.