Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy provides concentrated antibodies to support the immune system. It is used for various autoimmune conditions and immunodeficiency disorders. Fatigue is a commonly reported side effect.
IVIG and Fatigue: The Direct Link
Fatigue is a common side effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. While not every person experiences it, a 2018 survey listed fatigue among the five most frequent side effects, alongside headache, muscle ache, chills, and migraine. This tiredness is usually temporary, often subsiding within a few days after the infusion.
Why IVIG Can Cause Tiredness
The body’s response to infused antibodies in IVIG therapy can contribute to tiredness. IVIG introduces pre-formed antibodies (IgG) into the bloodstream, triggering an immune response. This can lead to flu-like symptoms and the release of cytokines, which induce fatigue.
Processing the substantial fluid volume during an IVIG infusion requires significant energy. The infusion process, which can take several hours, is physically demanding, contributing to post-infusion fatigue. Fatigue may also stem from the underlying condition or interaction with existing infections.
Strategies for Managing Fatigue
Several actionable strategies can help individuals manage fatigue associated with IVIG therapy. Ensuring adequate hydration is often recommended, with healthcare providers suggesting increased fluid intake, such as eight 8-ounce glasses of fluids daily, starting a few days before and continuing for a couple of days after the infusion. Proper hydration helps the body process the medication and can alleviate common side effects like headaches and dizziness. Maintaining a balanced diet with whole foods like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can provide the necessary fuel for recovery.
Planning for rest periods around infusions is also beneficial, as listening to the body and allowing for downtime can minimize side effects. While rest is important, light physical activity, if medically appropriate, can sometimes help alleviate fatigue, but strenuous activities should be avoided immediately post-infusion. Communicating with healthcare providers about fatigue levels and other symptoms is important, as they may suggest adjusting the infusion rate or considering pre-medications like acetaminophen or antihistamines to help manage symptoms. Some patients find that changing to a different IVIG product or even switching to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can reduce side effects, including fatigue.
When to Consult Your Doctor
It is important to consult a healthcare provider if fatigue from IVIG therapy becomes severe or debilitating, significantly impacting daily life and activities. Medical attention is also warranted if fatigue is accompanied by new or worsening symptoms that raise concern. These might include a fever exceeding 100.5° Fahrenheit, a rash, severe headache, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Persistent fatigue that lasts for an unusually long time after the infusion, beyond the typical few days, should also prompt a discussion with a medical professional. While these guidelines offer general advice, they do not replace professional medical guidance.