When an ear infection strikes, it’s common to experience pain or pressure in the ear when swallowing. This discomfort is directly related to the infection, and understanding this connection can help clarify what is happening within the body.
Why Swallowing Can Hurt
Pain in the ear when swallowing, often associated with an ear infection, stems from the intricate anatomy connecting the ear and throat. The Eustachian tube, a narrow passage, links the middle ear to the back of the throat. Its primary function involves regulating air pressure within the middle ear and draining fluids.
When an ear infection develops, the Eustachian tube can become inflamed and blocked. This leads to a buildup of fluid and pressure behind the eardrum. Swallowing involves throat muscle contractions that can briefly open the Eustachian tube to equalize pressure. This action can exacerbate the pain when the tube is swollen or filled with fluid due to an infection.
Pain from an ear infection can also be “referred” pain, meaning discomfort is felt in an area different from the actual source of the problem. This occurs because the ear and throat share common nerve pathways. When the middle ear is inflamed, pain signals can travel along these shared nerves, leading to the perception of pain in the throat or jaw, even though the primary issue is in the ear. This referred pain often presents as a sore throat without visible inflammation.
Accompanying Ear Infection Symptoms
Beyond the discomfort during swallowing, ear infections typically present with other noticeable symptoms. Ear pain is common, often described as a throbbing sensation or a feeling of pressure inside the ear. This pain can sometimes worsen when lying down.
Many individuals with an ear infection may also experience a fever. Difficulty hearing or a muffled sensation in the affected ear is common, as fluid buildup behind the eardrum can impede sound transmission. Fluid or pus draining from the ear can indicate a torn eardrum.
Other symptoms include fussiness or irritability, especially in young children, along with trouble sleeping and loss of appetite. Children might also tug or pull at their ear, and some individuals may experience a headache or a feeling of fullness in the ear. Balance issues can also arise.
When to See a Doctor
While some ear infections can resolve on their own, certain symptoms warrant a medical evaluation to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. Consult a healthcare professional if ear pain is severe or symptoms persist for more than two to three days. A doctor’s visit is also recommended for a high fever, especially temperatures of 102.2°F (39°C) or higher.
Any fluid, pus, or blood discharging from the ear is a clear sign to seek medical attention, as this could indicate a perforated eardrum. Sudden hearing loss or a worsening of existing symptoms also requires prompt medical care. For infants and young children, symptoms like sleeplessness, increased crankiness after a cold, or any signs of an ear infection in those under six months old should be evaluated by a doctor.
Relieving Discomfort at Home
While awaiting a medical consultation, several home strategies can help alleviate the discomfort associated with an ear infection. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can effectively reduce pain and fever. Follow dosing instructions carefully, especially for children, and never administer aspirin to individuals under 16 due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome.
Applying a warm compress to the affected ear can provide relief. A warm, wrung-out washcloth can be held against the ear for 10 to 20 minutes. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids and ensuring adequate rest supports the body’s immune system in fighting off the infection. Elevating the head with extra pillows while resting can also promote better drainage and reduce pressure.