COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During the global pandemic, many home remedies gained attention as potential ways to combat the virus, including steam inhalation. This article provides science-backed information on the effectiveness and safety of steam inhalation against COVID-19.
Does Steam Kill the COVID-19 Virus?
Inhaling steam does not effectively or safely kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus to prevent or treat infection. While high temperatures can inactivate viruses on surfaces, the conditions required are too extreme and unsafe for human respiratory tracts. For instance, SARS-CoV-2 can be inactivated at temperatures around 70°C (158°F) for several minutes.
The virus primarily infects cells deep within the respiratory system, including the lungs. Inhaled steam cannot reach these deep-seated viral particles and maintain the necessary heat without causing severe harm. Brief exposure in the upper airways is insufficient to neutralize the virus throughout the respiratory system.
The Dangers of Inhaling Steam for COVID-19
Attempting steam inhalation as a COVID-19 treatment carries significant health risks. Temperatures hot enough to inactivate the virus cause severe burns to the skin, nasal passages, throat, and lungs. Scalding injuries, including to the face and airways, have been reported, leading to painful blistering, permanent scarring, and potentially life-threatening complications like thermal epiglottitis.
Using non-sterile equipment or adding substances to water can introduce bacteria or irritants, increasing the risk of secondary infections or chemical burns. A false sense of security from steam could also lead individuals to neglect proven prevention methods, such as vaccination and mask-wearing, or delay seeking appropriate medical care for COVID-19 symptoms. This delay can allow the infection to progress, potentially leading to more severe illness.
Legitimate Uses of Steam
While ineffective against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, steam inhalation has legitimate, safe applications for symptomatic relief of common respiratory issues. Breathing warm, moist air can help loosen mucus, making it easier to clear from the nasal passages, throat, and lungs. This provides temporary relief from congestion, coughing, and dry airways associated with conditions like the common cold, flu, or allergies.
Steam can also soothe irritated mucous membranes, reducing feelings of discomfort in the nasal passages and throat. This practice is purely for comfort and symptom management; it does not treat the underlying viral or bacterial infection. When used safely, with proper precautions such as avoiding excessively hot water and maintaining a safe distance, steam can offer temporary alleviation of bothersome respiratory symptoms.
Recommended COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment
Steam is not a substitute for established medical guidance regarding COVID-19. Public health organizations recommend several strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccines lowers the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing, and choosing well-ventilated spaces, also help reduce transmission.
If infected, managing COVID-19 involves rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications for symptom relief. Individuals at high risk for severe illness may be prescribed antiviral medications, which should be started within five to seven days of symptom onset. Seeking medical advice, testing, and isolation are important steps to manage the disease and prevent further spread. Reliable information on COVID-19 prevention and treatment is available from reputable sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO).