The presence of wildlife often sparks public interest, and many in Indiana wonder about the status of bears within the state. Understanding their historical context and current situation provides insight into ecological changes and wildlife management efforts.
Bears in Indiana: Current Status and History
Black bears (Ursus americanus) were historically common across Indiana, particularly in forested areas, before European settlement. However, by the mid-19th century, unregulated hunting and widespread habitat loss led to their extirpation from Indiana and much of the Midwest. The last confirmed report of a black bear in Indiana before their recent return was in 1871.
In recent years, black bear populations in neighboring states like Michigan, Ohio, and Kentucky have expanded due to conservation efforts and forest recovery. This expansion has resulted in individual black bears occasionally dispersing into Indiana. Since 2015, there have been several confirmed sightings. These sightings typically involve young male bears, which are known to travel significant distances in search of new territory.
These bears are generally transient individuals, passing through the state without establishing permanent residency. While Indiana offers suitable habitat, especially in the southern, hilly forested regions, there is currently no established breeding population. The Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has confirmed sightings in various counties, including St. Joseph, Harrison, Washington, Clark, Vanderburgh, Warrick, Gibson, Pike, Daviess, and Elkhart. Wildlife officials suggest that if current forestry practices continue and residents adopt peaceful coexistence, black bears could potentially establish breeding populations in the future. Black bears are now protected under Indiana law.
Coexisting with Bears: Safety Guidelines
Understanding how to coexist with bears is important. Black bears are generally shy and avoid human contact, with attacks being rare. Most problems arise when bears associate humans with food. Therefore, preventing bears from accessing human food sources is an important safety measure.
To prevent attracting bears to residential areas, secure all potential food attractants:
- Place garbage cans inside a garage or shed until collection day.
- Do not leave pet food outside overnight.
- Remove bird feeders from late March through November when bears are most active.
- Clean grills thoroughly after each use and store them securely.
- Pick ripe fruits and vegetables promptly from gardens.
- Do not add meat or sweets to compost piles.
If you encounter a bear, it is important to remain calm and avoid running. Instead, make your presence known by shouting and waving your arms, then slowly back away. Never approach a bear or attempt to feed it. When hiking or camping where bears might be present, make noise to avoid surprising them, and carrying bear spray and knowing how to use it is also recommended. Report any bear sightings to the Indiana Division of Fish & Wildlife.