Illinois does not have a resident black bear population, but sightings occur periodically. These are not indicative of an established breeding population, but rather of transient individuals moving through the region. Understanding their temporary nature and what to do if an encounter occurs is important.
Bears in Present-Day Illinois
Illinois lacks a permanent, breeding black bear population. Confirmed sightings are typically transient individuals dispersing from established populations in neighboring states. Wisconsin, to the north, has a thriving black bear population estimated at over 24,000, with their range expanding southward. Similarly, Missouri, to the west and south, hosts approximately 1,000 black bears, and their numbers are also increasing, leading to northward expansion.
Sightings in Illinois are rare but have been increasing in recent years. These occurrences are often reported in northern and western Illinois, reflecting the proximity to source populations. The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) monitors these movements and confirms sightings, noting recent instances in counties such as Jo Daviess, Lake, Saline, Pope, Williamson, Jackson, and St. Clair. The agency gathers reports from the public, which helps track the movements of these dispersing animals.
The Return of Bears to Illinois
Black bears were once common across Illinois, but they were extirpated from the state by the mid-19th century, by 1870. This disappearance was primarily due to extensive habitat destruction, as forests were cleared for agriculture, and unregulated hunting, driven by both fear and the economic value of bear products.
The current reappearance of black bears in Illinois results from natural range expansion from growing populations in adjacent states, not reintroduction programs. Young male bears often travel significant distances, sometimes over 100 miles, seeking new territories or mates. Females typically do not venture as far. Illinois’ landscape, with extensive open spaces and limited large forested areas, influences whether these transient bears establish permanent residency.
What to Do if You See a Bear
If you see a bear in Illinois, react responsibly and safely. The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) advises reporting sightings to their agency for tracking movements. When encountering a bear, remain calm and avoid running, which can trigger a chase response. Instead, make noise to ensure the bear is aware of your presence and slowly back away, giving the animal ample space.
Do not approach, feed, or photograph the bear. If it sees you, stand your ground, appear as large as possible by standing tall and raising your arms, and continue to back away slowly. If possible, seek refuge inside a building or vehicle. To prevent attracting bears to residential areas, secure all food sources, including garbage in bear-resistant containers, pet food, and bird feeders. Thoroughly clean barbecue grills and store them indoors when not in use.