Idaho is home to a significant population of moose. The state’s rugged mountains, dense forests, and expansive waterways provide suitable environments for these large creatures. Observing moose in their natural setting can be a memorable experience.
Moose Presence and Distribution
Idaho’s moose population primarily consists of the Shiras moose, Alces alces shirasi, the smallest subspecies of North American moose. These animals are widespread across the state, inhabiting the timbered western slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Their range extends from the northern panhandle, including the Panhandle and Clearwater regions, through the central mountains like the Salmon region, and into the southeastern areas, such as the Upper Snake region and the South Hills near Twin Falls.
While some areas of Idaho have experienced historical declines in moose numbers, the overall population has shown signs of stabilization in recent years. This stabilization follows a period where concerns arose regarding factors like predation and disease. Idaho continues to support a robust moose presence, with some populations even expanding their range into previously less occupied territories.
Moose Habitat and Characteristics
Moose in Idaho favor specific environmental conditions that provide both sustenance and shelter. They commonly inhabit riparian areas along rivers and streams, as well as dense forests and high-elevation wetlands. These environments are particularly suitable due to the abundance of water and preferred forage, such as willows, aspens, and other woody vegetation. They can also be found at higher elevations in the mountains during warmer months, seeking relief from insects.
The Shiras moose, though the smallest subspecies, typically weighs less than 1,000 pounds and stands about 6 to 6.5 feet tall at the shoulder. Their coloration can vary from brown to dusty black, with long, lighter-colored legs. Male Shiras moose grow broad, palmated antlers that can reach spreads of up to 45 inches, though some may exceed 50 inches, which are shed annually and regrown.
Viewing Moose Safely
Observing moose in Idaho requires adherence to safety guidelines to protect both people and wildlife. Moose are most active during dawn and dusk, and they are frequently seen near water sources like ponds, streams, and wetlands where they feed on aquatic plants. Areas such as the Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge in the northern panhandle are known for moose sightings.
Maintain a respectful distance from moose, with wildlife experts recommending at least 75 feet. Never approach a moose, especially a cow with calves, as they can be highly protective and unpredictable. Signs of agitation include ears laid back, hair standing up on the neck, snorting, or lip licking.
If a moose displays these behaviors or charges, run and seek cover behind a solid object like a tree or vehicle. If knocked down, curl into a ball and protect your head. Keep dogs on a leash, as moose may perceive them as predators. Avoid feeding moose; this prevents them from becoming accustomed to humans, which can lead to dangerous encounters.