Hydroxyzine, an antihistamine, can induce drowsiness and is used for its sedative properties. This medication affects the brain to promote relaxation and sleep. While commonly recognized for managing allergic reactions, its sedative effects also make it relevant for addressing sleep disturbances.
How Hydroxyzine Induces Sleep
Hydroxyzine functions as a first-generation antihistamine by blocking histamine H1 receptors in the brain. Histamine promotes wakefulness; blocking these receptors reduces its excitatory effects, leading to central nervous system depression and sedation. This action decreases alertness and facilitates sleep.
Beyond its antihistamine effect, hydroxyzine also has anticholinergic properties, blocking acetylcholine, another neurotransmitter, which contributes to its sedative effect. It may also interact with serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, involved in mood and anxiety regulation, contributing to its calming effects. This multi-faceted action on various brain receptors induces sleep.
Common Uses Beyond Sleep
Hydroxyzine has several other approved medical applications. It is prescribed for the short-term relief of anxiety and tension, including anxiety associated with psychoneuroses. Its anxiolytic properties relate to its effects on central nervous system receptors.
The medication also alleviates itching caused by allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria (hives) and atopic or contact dermatitis. It is also approved for use as a sedative before and after general anesthesia for surgical procedures.
Important Considerations for Sleep Use
Using hydroxyzine for sleep requires careful consideration; dosage should always be determined by a healthcare professional. For adults, typical dosages for sleep range from 25 mg to 50 mg at bedtime. Hydroxyzine is generally recommended for short-term use for insomnia, as long-term use may lead to tolerance and decreased effectiveness.
Hydroxyzine can cause several side effects, with drowsiness and dry mouth being common. Other side effects include dizziness, fatigue, headache, and confusion. Serious side effects can include changes in heart rhythm, particularly QT prolongation. Older adults may be more susceptible to increased drowsiness, confusion, and dry mouth.
Due to its sedative effects, avoid operating machinery or driving until you understand how the medication affects you. Combining hydroxyzine with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants, such as opioids or benzodiazepines, can significantly increase sedation and adverse effects. Patients with pre-existing heart conditions, a history of QT prolongation, glaucoma, or prostate enlargement should discuss these conditions with their doctor. Always consult a healthcare provider before using hydroxyzine for sleep, especially if other medications are being taken or if there are underlying health concerns.