Household bleach does not selectively target tooth nerves. Instead, it is a highly corrosive chemical that causes severe, widespread damage to all biological tissues it contacts, including those within and surrounding the tooth. Any contact with household bleach in the mouth is extremely dangerous and can lead to immediate and long-lasting harm to oral health.
The Nature of Bleach
Household bleach primarily consists of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in a dilute aqueous solution, typically ranging from 3% to 6% concentration. This chemical is a powerful oxidizing agent. Its strong oxidizing properties enable it to break down organic matter, including living cells and tissues.
Sodium hypochlorite achieves its disinfectant and destructive effects by attacking proteins and lipids within cell membranes, leading to cell aggregation and rupture. This action is entirely non-selective.
Tooth Structure and Nerve Protection
A tooth is comprised of several layers that protect its inner components. The outermost layer of the tooth crown is enamel, a durable shield against physical and chemical assaults.
Beneath the enamel lies dentin, a calcified tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth structure. Dentin is softer than enamel but still provides significant support and acts as a barrier. It contains microscopic tubules that extend towards the tooth’s innermost part. At the very core of the tooth is the pulp chamber, a soft tissue area housing the nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. This pulp is responsible for the tooth’s vitality and sensation.
The Real Impact of Bleach on Teeth
When household bleach comes into contact with oral tissues, it causes immediate and severe chemical burns due to its corrosive nature. This exposure can lead to necrosis, the death of soft tissues such as the gums, tongue, and inner lining of the cheeks. The severity of the damage depends on the concentration of the bleach and the duration of contact.
While bleach does not directly target tooth nerves, its widespread destruction can severely compromise tooth health. Prolonged or significant exposure can demineralize enamel and dentin, weakening the tooth structure. The chemical burns and inflammation caused by bleach can extend to the tooth’s internal pulp, leading to a condition known as pulpitis. If severe or left untreated, this can result in the irreversible death of the nerve. This extensive harm often necessitates complex dental procedures, such as root canal treatment to remove the damaged pulp, or in severe cases, extraction of the affected tooth.
Immediate Steps After Accidental Exposure
Accidental exposure to household bleach in the mouth requires immediate action to mitigate harm. The most important first step is to rinse the mouth thoroughly and repeatedly with copious amounts of water. It is crucial to avoid swallowing any of the bleach or the rinse water.
After rinsing, contact a poison control center or seek emergency dental or medical attention without delay. Professionals can assess the extent of the chemical burn and tissue damage, and provide appropriate treatment to prevent further complications. To prevent such accidents, always store cleaning products, including bleach, in their original, clearly labeled containers, out of reach of children and pets. Proper handling, such as wearing gloves and ensuring good ventilation, can also reduce the risk of exposure.