Hawaii is one of the few places in the world entirely free of rabies. This means the disease does not naturally occur within the state’s animal populations. Maintaining this rabies-free environment is a public health priority for the islands.
Hawaii’s Rabies-Free Status
Hawaii’s geographical isolation has served as a natural barrier, protecting its ecosystems from diseases like rabies. This advantage is reinforced by a robust animal quarantine program, established in 1912. The program began due to concerns that carnivorous animals from rabies-endemic areas, such as California, could introduce the disease. These quarantine measures act as the primary defense against rabies introduction. An outbreak would incur substantial costs for animal and human health, making the absence of rabies in Hawaii a direct result of these preventative efforts.
Bringing Pets to Hawaii
Importing pets, primarily dogs and cats, into Hawaii requires adherence to regulations designed to preserve the state’s rabies-free status. These requirements are governed by Chapter 4-29 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules. Pet owners must begin preparations several months in advance, typically four to six months, to meet criteria.
An ISO 11784 15-digit non-encrypted microchip must be implanted before any rabies vaccinations or blood tests. Pets need two rabies vaccinations at least 30 days apart, with the second administered more than 30 days before arrival. After vaccinations, a Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization (FAVN) blood test is required to confirm sufficient rabies antibody levels (0.5 IU/ml or greater).
Following a successful FAVN test, a mandatory 30-day waiting period must pass before direct release. Pets must also be treated for ticks (e.g., Fipronil) within 14 days of arrival. All required documentation, including the Dog and Cat Import Form (AQS-279) and rabies vaccination certificates, must be submitted to the Hawaii Department of Agriculture at least 10 days before arrival.
Upon arrival at Honolulu International Airport or approved neighbor island airports (Kona, Kahului, Lihue), compliant pets undergo inspection. Pets meeting pre-arrival requirements may qualify for direct airport release, minimizing separation from owners. Failure to meet these conditions can result in a quarantine period of up to 120 days at the owner’s expense.
Protecting Hawaii’s Unique Status
Maintaining Hawaii’s rabies-free status is a collective effort involving state agencies and the public. Residents and visitors play a significant role in safeguarding the islands from rabies introduction. Vigilance is necessary, especially concerning unfamiliar animals.
If an individual encounters a suspicious animal (ill, aggressive, or suspected of being illegally imported), avoid direct contact. Report such incidents promptly to local animal control or the Hawaii Department of Agriculture. This proactive reporting helps prevent exposure and disease establishment.
Community awareness and adherence to import regulations protect Hawaii’s unique environment. By supporting these measures, everyone contributes to the health and safety of humans and animals across the islands.