Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral infection that predominantly affects infants and young children, though older children and adults can also contract it. It is typically a mild illness that resolves on its own within a week to ten days. A common concern is whether the distinctive HFMD rash leaves lasting marks or scars. This article clarifies what to expect regarding the HFMD rash and skin recovery.
Understanding the HFMD Rash
The HFMD rash typically appears as small, red spots that can evolve into fluid-filled blisters. These lesions commonly develop on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and inside the mouth, including the tongue and gums. The rash may also spread to other areas such as the buttocks, arms, and legs.
The blisters are generally superficial, meaning they primarily affect the outer layers of the skin. While they can sometimes be painful, especially the mouth sores which may interfere with eating and drinking, the skin lesions are often not itchy. The progression from red spots to blisters typically occurs within one to two days after initial symptoms like fever and sore throat begin.
The Scarring Question: What to Expect
HFMD typically does not result in permanent scarring. This is because HFMD blisters are superficial and do not typically damage the deeper skin layers (dermis). The skin usually heals completely, with blisters drying and fading without lasting marks.
However, some individuals, particularly those with darker skin tones, may experience post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) after the rash heals. PIH appears as temporary dark spots where lesions were present. These are not true scars but temporary discoloration from extra melanin due to inflammation. PIH usually fades over weeks to months, though sometimes longer.
True scarring from HFMD is uncommon but can occur. If the blisters are severely scratched or picked, it can lead to deeper skin damage and potentially introduce bacteria, resulting in a secondary bacterial infection. This infection can impede proper healing and may contribute to the formation of permanent scars. Very rarely, unusually deep or atypical lesions might also lead to scarring.
Promoting Healing and Minimizing Marks
Caring for the HFMD rash properly can support natural healing and help minimize any potential for lingering marks. Keeping the affected skin areas clean and dry is beneficial. It is important to avoid scratching or picking at the blisters, as this can break the skin barrier and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections.
Blisters should generally be left to dry naturally and not be intentionally ruptured. Applying a gentle moisturizer to the healing skin can help maintain its integrity. For mouth sores that cause discomfort, cool fluids and soft foods can provide relief, which also helps prevent dehydration. Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be given to manage general discomfort.
When to Consult a Doctor
While Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease is typically a mild illness, certain signs indicate the need for medical consultation. Seek medical advice if severe pain, particularly from mouth sores, makes it difficult for the individual to drink fluids, leading to signs of dehydration. Symptoms of dehydration can include reduced urination, dry mouth, or sunken eyes.
It is also advisable to consult a doctor if there are signs of a secondary bacterial infection, such as pus, increased redness, or swelling around the blisters. A high or prolonged fever, or if the individual appears unusually ill, sluggish, or symptoms worsen, also warrants medical attention. Most cases resolve within 7 to 10 days, but if symptoms do not improve within this timeframe, or if there are any other concerning developments, medical evaluation is recommended.