Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that frequently affects infants and young children. It is primarily characterized by a distinctive rash and painful sores in the mouth. While these are the most recognized signs, this article explores whether diarrhea can also be a symptom, along with other common manifestations and care strategies.
Diarrhea as an HFM Symptom
Diarrhea can be a symptom of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, though it is typically less common than the characteristic rash and mouth sores. HFMD is caused by enteroviruses, such as Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71. These viruses replicate in the intestinal tract, which is why gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea can occur. When diarrhea does present with HFMD, it is generally mild and watery. It is not usually a severe or prolonged symptom like the diarrhea seen in some other viral or bacterial infections.
Additional Symptoms of HFM
HFMD often begins with a fever, typically the first sign. This fever is usually low-grade but can sometimes be higher, and may be accompanied by a general feeling of being unwell. Following the initial fever, a sore throat commonly develops, making swallowing uncomfortable.
Within a day or two of the fever, painful sores can appear in the mouth, often on the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks. These small, blister-like lesions are known as herpangina and can make eating and drinking challenging. Shortly after, a characteristic skin rash emerges, typically on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. This rash often consists of small, flat red spots, and sometimes blisters, and may also appear on the buttocks.
Caring for a Child with HFM
Caring for a child with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease primarily involves supportive measures to alleviate symptoms and ensure comfort. Maintaining adequate hydration is important, especially if a child experiences fever or diarrhea, as both can lead to fluid loss. Offering small, frequent sips of water, oral rehydration solutions, or diluted juice can help prevent dehydration.
Managing fever and pain is another important aspect of care. Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and relieve discomfort from mouth sores. It is important to avoid aspirin in children due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome. For painful mouth sores, providing soft, bland foods that are easy to swallow, such as yogurt, applesauce, or mashed potatoes, can be beneficial. Avoiding acidic, spicy, or salty foods can help prevent further irritation.
Parents should monitor for signs of dehydration, such as decreased urination, dry mouth, or lack of tears, and seek medical attention if these occur. A healthcare provider should also be consulted if the fever is high or prolonged, symptoms worsen, or if severe pain prevents the child from eating or drinking adequately. Prompt medical evaluation is also warranted for very young infants or children with weakened immune systems.