Chewing gum is a common concern for people with orthodontic appliances, and the concern is well-founded. Gum does get stuck in braces, which is why orthodontists universally advise caution or complete avoidance. The sticky substance quickly becomes a significant problem when it encounters the complex structure of orthodontic hardware.
Why Gum Adheres to Orthodontic Hardware
The design of braces—a network of brackets, archwires, and tiny elastic bands—creates a perfect environment for sticky materials to become lodged. Gum is composed of a non-digestible, elastic polymer base that is inherently adhesive. This base quickly bonds to the many surfaces and small crevices present on the metal or ceramic components.
The brackets, bonded to the tooth surface, have small wings and slots that act as anchor points for the tacky gum base. The thin archwires running through these brackets provide numerous edges and narrow gaps where the gum can wrap around and solidify. Even the small rubber bands, or ligatures, used to hold the wire in place can trap the sticky substance. The constant chewing motion forces the gum into these tight spaces, strengthening the physical bond between the gum and the appliance.
Risks Beyond Just Sticky Brackets
The consequences of gum getting stuck extend beyond mere inconvenience and can compromise the effectiveness of treatment. The mechanical stress from chewing a sticky substance can weaken the adhesive holding the brackets onto the teeth, potentially causing them to loosen or detach entirely. A dislodged bracket requires an emergency appointment and halts tooth movement until it is re-bonded.
Chewing gum also exerts pressure that can bend or distort the delicate archwires responsible for guiding tooth movement. When a wire is bent out of its intended shape, it applies incorrect force to the teeth, which can delay progress or even move teeth in the wrong direction.
Beyond the structural damage, gum introduces a significant hygiene risk, especially if it contains sugar. Sugar-laden gum leaves a sticky, sugary residue around the brackets that traps bacteria and plaque. This dramatically increases the risk of decalcification, which appears as permanent white spots on the enamel, or the formation of cavities.
Safe Removal and Prevention Guidelines
If gum does become lodged in your braces, it is important to remain calm and avoid forceful prying, which could damage the hardware. A good first technique is to try to harden the gum by swishing cold water or placing a small piece of ice directly on the affected area. Once the gum is cold and less pliable, you may be able to gently tug it away with your fingers or a piece of dental floss.
For residue that is still clinging stubbornly to the brackets and wires, a soft-bristled toothbrush can be used with gentle strokes to try and dislodge it. If the gum is wrapped tightly around the wire or is causing pain, the safest course of action is to contact your orthodontist, as they have the specialized tools to remove it without bending the appliance.
The best prevention strategy is to avoid all chewing gum; however, if you must chew, choose a soft, sugar-free gum, as it tends to be less sticky than its sugary counterparts. You should also chew gently and mindfully to minimize the chances of the gum migrating into the difficult-to-clean areas of the braces.