Teeth grinding, or bruxism, involves the involuntary clenching or gnashing of teeth, often occurring subconsciously during sleep or waking hours. Gum recession is the process where the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth’s root. Excessive forces from teeth grinding can contribute to gum recession, highlighting a connection between these two conditions.
The Link Between Grinding and Recession
Teeth grinding exerts significant pressure on the teeth and their supporting structures. This constant, excessive force can lead to mechanical trauma on the gums. Over time, this sustained pressure weakens the gum tissue and the underlying bone that supports the teeth, causing the gums to gradually pull away. This is a form of occlusal trauma, where abnormal biting forces damage the periodontal ligament, which anchors the tooth to the bone.
When the periodontal ligament and surrounding bone are compromised, the gum tissue loses its support and begins to recede. This exposes the sensitive tooth roots, typically protected by gum tissue. The repeated microtrauma from grinding can also inflame the gums, further contributing to their recession. Bruxism directly damages soft tissue, creating an environment where recession can occur.
Other Factors Contributing to Gum Recession
While teeth grinding can contribute to gum recession, it is not the sole cause. Aggressive tooth brushing, particularly with a hard-bristled toothbrush or excessive force, can physically wear away gum tissue over time. Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is a common cause where bacterial infections destroy gum tissue and supporting bone. This inflammation and destruction lead to the gums pulling away from the teeth.
Genetics plays a role, as some individuals may be predisposed to thinner gum tissue or higher susceptibility to gum disease. Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco, increases the risk of gum recession by impairing blood flow to the gums and making them more vulnerable to infection. Misaligned teeth can also create uneven pressure during biting and chewing, contributing to gum tissue breakdown and recession.
Recognizing the Signs
Identifying the signs of teeth grinding and gum recession can prompt timely intervention. Common indicators of bruxism include:
Jaw pain, headaches (particularly in the morning), or a sore jaw.
Worn-down tooth enamel.
Chipped or fractured teeth.
Increased tooth sensitivity.
A clicking sound in the jaw joint.
Muscle stiffness.
For gum recession, visible signs include:
Teeth appearing longer than usual due to exposed root.
Increased tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
A notch or groove at the gumline.
Changes in the color or texture of gums, such as redness or swelling.
Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing.
Managing the Condition
Addressing both teeth grinding and gum recession involves a multi-faceted approach. For bruxism, a dentist may recommend a custom night guard or mouthguard to protect teeth from grinding forces, especially during sleep. Stress management techniques, such as meditation or biofeedback, can help reduce underlying anxiety. Dental adjustments to correct bite issues may also be considered.
For gum recession, non-surgical treatments include professional dental cleanings like scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar below the gumline. If recession is severe and exposes tooth roots, surgical procedures such as gum grafting may be necessary. This procedure involves taking tissue from another part of the mouth or a donor and attaching it to the receded area to cover the exposed root. Regular dental check-ups help monitor and manage both conditions.