Goat’s Rue (Galega officinalis) is a perennial herb used for centuries in traditional European folk medicine to support lactation in women and livestock. This plant is classified as a galactagogue, a substance believed to promote, maintain, or increase the production of breast milk. The genus name, Galega, is derived from the Greek words “gale” and “ega,” which translate to “milk” and “to bring on,” highlighting its longstanding historical reputation for encouraging milk flow.
Current Scientific Understanding of Its Effectiveness
The question of whether Goat’s Rue actually increases milk supply currently lacks definitive, high-quality clinical proof. While the herb has a strong history of traditional use, the scientific community lacks the large-scale, randomized, double-blind trials necessary to conclusively validate these claims. The German Health Ministry’s Commission E, which assesses herbal medicines, does not advise its use due to this lack of evidence regarding its therapeutic value.
Many of the existing studies supporting its efficacy are older, poorly controlled, or observational in nature, meaning they lack the rigorous methodology required for a firm scientific conclusion. For example, one older, uncontrolled observational study reported that women using a Goat’s Rue extract saw an increase in milk output, but the absence of a placebo group and randomization means this finding cannot be considered scientifically valid proof. Similarly, a small study involving only five nursing mothers found no effect on milk volume after consuming a Goat’s Rue infusion.
Despite the limited high-quality data, many mothers report positive results when using Goat’s Rue, and it is often included in commercial lactation supplements. Some research has suggested that the herb may be particularly beneficial for mothers who have underlying hormonal conditions, such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which can sometimes interfere with milk production. Overall, its effectiveness is largely supported by anecdotal evidence and traditional practice rather than robust modern clinical validation.
Biological Mechanism Behind Milk Production Support
The proposed action of Goat’s Rue on milk production is generally attributed to its influence on both mammary gland tissue and key lactation hormones. The herb contains several bioactive compounds, notably guanidine derivatives, including the alkaloid galegine, which are thought to possess lactogenic properties. Galegine is historically significant because it served as the chemical inspiration for the development of the widely used antidiabetic drug Metformin.
One key mechanism is the herb’s potential to stimulate the development and growth of mammary tissue. This property makes Goat’s Rue a popular choice, especially for mothers who did not experience significant breast changes during pregnancy or who may have had insufficient glandular tissue development. The herb is also believed to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete more prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk synthesis.
The presence of galegine, which has insulin-like properties, suggests a link between the herb’s known ability to support healthy blood sugar levels and its effect on lactation. Insulin plays a role in mammary gland physiology, and by helping to regulate insulin sensitivity, Goat’s Rue may indirectly support the overall metabolic environment necessary for robust milk production. Additionally, some compounds in the plant possess phytoestrogenic activity, which may help promote milk gland development and regulate the hormonal balance necessary for consistent milk supply.
Safe Consumption and Important Precautions
Goat’s Rue is typically available for consumption in several forms, including capsules, tinctures, and dried leaves used to make tea. Since it is a dietary supplement, there is no standardized dosage, and manufacturers are responsible for ensuring safety without extensive regulatory approval. Users should strictly follow the dosage recommendations provided on the specific product label, as there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range for all individuals.
A primary precaution relates to the herb’s active compounds, like galegine, which have been shown to lower blood sugar levels. Individuals with diabetes or those currently taking antidiabetic medications must consult a healthcare provider before using Goat’s Rue, as combining them could cause hypoglycemia, or dangerously low blood sugar. The herb may also potentially slow blood clotting, so those with bleeding disorders or who are scheduled for surgery should avoid its use.
It is highly recommended to start with a small amount to monitor how the body reacts and to stop consumption if the milk supply becomes overly abundant. Due to the lack of extensive safety data, consulting with a healthcare provider or lactation consultant is necessary before starting any new herbal regimen. They can ensure there are no contraindications with existing health conditions or medications.