Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid or other contents flow back into the esophagus. This backward flow irritates the esophageal lining, leading to various symptoms. Heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, and acid regurgitation, where sour liquid or food comes back into the mouth, are common indicators of GERD.
How GERD Leads to Phlegm
The irritation caused by stomach acid or digestive enzymes refluxing into the esophagus can extend to the throat and vocal cords. This constant exposure prompts the body to produce increased mucus, or phlegm, as a protective response to clear foreign substances.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is a specific type of GERD where stomach contents travel higher, reaching the throat and voice box. Unlike typical GERD, LPR may not present with classic heartburn symptoms, often called “silent reflux.” LPR is a common underlying cause of chronic throat phlegm and irritation.
Other GERD-Related Throat Issues
Beyond phlegm, GERD can cause other throat symptoms due to upper airway irritation. A chronic cough is frequent, often worse at night or after meals. Hoarseness or voice changes can also occur as vocal cords become inflamed from acid exposure.
Many individuals experience a sensation of a lump in the throat, known as globus sensation. Difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia, is another symptom where food or liquids may feel stuck. These symptoms arise from the sensitive tissues of the larynx and pharynx reacting to stomach contents.
Managing Phlegm Caused by GERD
Managing GERD-related phlegm and throat symptoms often begins with lifestyle adjustments. Dietary changes are important, focusing on avoiding trigger foods like fatty or fried items, chocolate, mint, carbonated beverages, caffeine, citrus fruits, and spicy foods, as these can relax the esophageal sphincter or increase acid production. Eating smaller, more frequent meals instead of large ones can also reduce pressure on the stomach.
Avoid eating for at least two to three hours before bedtime to prevent reflux when lying down. Elevating the head of the bed by six to nine inches uses gravity to keep stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep. Maintaining a healthy weight and quitting smoking can further alleviate symptoms by reducing abdominal pressure and improving esophageal sphincter function.
Over-the-counter medications can help manage acid levels. Antacids provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid, while H2 blockers reduce acid production for a longer duration. Proton pump inhibitors are stronger options that significantly block acid production and allow damaged esophageal tissue to heal.
Seeking Medical Advice
Consult a healthcare professional if GERD symptoms are persistent, severe, or worsen despite lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter treatments. Certain “alarm symptoms” warrant immediate medical attention: unexplained weight loss, difficulty or pain when swallowing, vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds, and black or tarry stools.
A doctor can provide an accurate diagnosis, as other conditions can mimic GERD symptoms, and ensure appropriate treatment. Early evaluation can also help identify and address potential complications from long-term acid exposure.