Coyotes are present across Georgia, having established a widespread presence throughout the state. These canids, known scientifically as Canis latrans, are a common sight in various environments, from rural landscapes to urban centers.
Coyote Presence Across Georgia
Coyotes were not originally native to Georgia or the southeastern United States, with their historical range primarily in western and central North America. They began expanding eastward in the early 1900s, with verified sightings in Georgia occurring as early as the 1970s. This expansion was facilitated by the absence of larger predators like red wolves, which were extirpated from the region, creating an ecological niche coyotes readily filled.
Today, coyotes are established residents in all 159 counties of Georgia. They thrive in diverse habitats, including forests, agricultural fields, pastures, and increasingly, suburban and urban environments. Their ability to adjust to human-altered landscapes has allowed populations to grow significantly across the state.
Understanding Coyote Behavior
Coyotes exhibit behaviors that allow them to thrive in various settings. While naturally diurnal, urban coyotes often become more crepuscular or nocturnal to avoid human interaction. Observing a coyote during daylight hours does not necessarily indicate an issue, as they may be active when raising pups or if they feel unthreatened.
Their diet is flexible; they are opportunistic omnivores. Small mammals like mice, voles, rats, squirrels, and rabbits constitute a significant portion of their food. Coyotes also consume insects, fruits such as persimmons and muscadines, and carrion. They may prey on deer fawns during birthing season, but adult deer are not typically primary prey.
Coexisting Safely with Coyotes
Minimizing conflicts with coyotes depends on reducing attractants and reinforcing their natural wariness of humans. Securing outdoor food sources is a primary step; this includes keeping pet food indoors and ensuring garbage cans have tight-fitting lids. Bird feeders can also indirectly attract coyotes by drawing in rodents, a food source for coyotes, so managing spilled seed is advised.
Supervising pets, especially smaller ones, when outdoors is important, as coyotes may view them as potential prey. Keeping small pets indoors, particularly at night when coyotes are most active, can further reduce risk. Installing fencing or motion-activated lights can also discourage coyotes from entering yards.
If a coyote is seen nearby and does not immediately leave, hazing techniques can reinforce their fear of humans. This involves making oneself appear large, yelling, waving arms, and making loud noises with items like whistles or air horns. Throwing small objects like sticks or rocks towards, but not at, the coyote can also be effective. Continue hazing until the coyote completely leaves the area, and never run away. For persistent issues or aggressive behavior, contact the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) or a licensed nuisance wildlife control operator.
Ecological Role of Coyotes
Coyotes have assumed a significant role in Georgia’s ecosystems as predators. Their presence helps regulate populations of small mammals such as rodents and rabbits, which can benefit ecosystem health. By controlling these populations, coyotes can indirectly influence plant communities and biodiversity.
Their impact on livestock is generally less than often perceived, with free-roaming domestic dogs sometimes being more responsible for such incidents. Coyotes also act as scavengers, consuming carrion and contributing to the cleanliness of their habitats. They fill a niche that helps maintain ecological balance.