Over-the-counter (OTC) “freeze off” wart removers offer a convenient option for treating common warts at home. These products address warts on various body parts, like hands and feet, providing an accessible alternative to professional removal.
How Freeze-Off Wart Removers Work
These wart removers operate on the principle of cryotherapy, using extremely low temperatures to destroy wart tissue.
The active freezing agents in OTC products typically consist of dimethyl ether and propane. This mixture cools rapidly upon release. While professional liquid nitrogen reaches -196°C, OTC products achieve temperatures around -55°C to -20°C on skin.
When applied, the cold mixture freezes water within wart cells, forming ice crystals. This disrupts cell membranes and fluid balance, leading to cellular damage and death. The process targets HPV-infected cells, causing the wart to eventually fall off as healthy skin replaces it.
Effectiveness and Best Practices for Use
OTC freeze-off wart removers vary in effectiveness but are often successful for common warts. Professional cryotherapy, using liquid nitrogen, has success rates of 60% to 86%. OTC products, with lower freezing temperatures, may not be as consistently effective. Success depends on wart size, location, and correct application.
For best results, clean the area before treatment. Some products suggest filing the wart with a pumice stone after soaking, especially for plantar warts. Press the saturated foam applicator directly onto the wart for 20-40 seconds, avoiding healthy skin. Many warts require multiple treatments, spaced two weeks apart.
Important Considerations and Next Steps
Freeze-off wart removers can cause expected side effects. Users may experience minor pain, stinging, or burning during application. A clear or blood-filled blister often forms under the treated wart within 24 hours, indicating the freezing action. Temporary skin discoloration can also occur.
These products are not suitable for the face, genitals, or irritated skin due to potential burns or scarring. Individuals with diabetes, poor circulation, or Raynaud’s disease should consult a doctor, as healing may be impaired. Most products are also not recommended for young children.
The treated wart may turn black, crust, and fall off within one to two weeks. If the wart doesn’t respond after multiple treatments, grows, becomes painful, or if its nature is uncertain, seek professional medical advice. A dermatologist can diagnose and discuss other options for persistent or spreading warts.