Eczema, formally known as atopic dermatitis, is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. Frankincense, the aromatic resin harvested from trees of the Boswellia genus, has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, particularly in Ayurvedic and Middle Eastern practices. This natural product, often used in the form of essential oil or extract, is traditionally applied topically to soothe irritated skin and reduce inflammation. Exploring the biological mechanisms and reviewing the available clinical data can help determine the potential role of frankincense in skin care for inflammatory conditions.
How Frankincense Affects Inflammation
The potential therapeutic benefit of frankincense stems from its powerful anti-inflammatory action, which is primarily attributed to a group of compounds called boswellic acids. These pentacyclic triterpene acids are found in the gum resin of the Boswellia tree, with 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) being one of the most pharmacologically active. Boswellic acids interfere directly with the body’s inflammatory cascade.
The compounds work by inhibiting a specific enzyme known as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which is responsible for synthesizing pro-inflammatory molecules called leukotrienes. Leukotrienes are mediators that contribute significantly to the redness, swelling, and itching characteristic of inflammatory skin diseases like eczema. By suppressing 5-LOX activity, boswellic acids effectively decrease the production of these inflammatory agents.
Certain boswellic acids, such as AKBA, can bind to an allosteric site on the 5-LOX enzyme, causing it to shift its function. This dual action—reducing pro-inflammatory compounds while promoting inflammation-resolving ones—provides a theoretical basis for its potential use in managing chronic inflammation. Furthermore, frankincense extracts also exhibit immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties, which may support skin health by modulating immune cell activity and fighting potential secondary infections.
Reviewing the Evidence for Eczema Relief
Scientific investigation into frankincense’s direct effect on eczema is still developing, though the anti-inflammatory theory is strong. The evidence base largely comprises laboratory studies, animal models, and small-scale human trials focusing on general inflammatory skin conditions or the isolated boswellic acids.
A systematic review noted that some placebo-controlled studies have indicated positive effects of frankincense oil in the treatment of both psoriasis and eczema. For instance, one randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating a product containing Boswellia serrata showed an improvement in skin lesions and inflammation in patients with mild to moderate eczema and psoriasis over a six-week period. These findings support the traditional use of the resin for soothing irritated skin.
Despite these encouraging preliminary results, high-quality, large-scale clinical trials focused specifically on frankincense as a standalone treatment for eczema are limited. The current data are often based on extracts, which contain concentrated boswellic acids, rather than the essential oil alone. While the biological mechanism is well-established, more rigorous human research is needed to validate the efficacy and optimal formulation for widespread use in eczema management.
Guidelines for Safe Topical Use
Frankincense essential oil is highly concentrated and should never be applied directly to the skin, especially to areas already compromised by eczema. Undiluted application risks causing irritation, allergic reactions, or contact dermatitis. Proper dilution with a carrier oil is a mandatory safety step before any topical use.
For facial application, a typical dilution ratio is between 1% and 3%, which translates to about 6 to 18 drops of frankincense oil per ounce of carrier oil. For larger body areas, a slightly higher concentration, up to 5%, can be used, although starting with a lower percentage is advisable for sensitive skin. Suitable carrier oils include jojoba, sweet almond, or fractionated coconut oil, which also help moisturize dry, eczema-prone skin.
Before applying any frankincense blend widely, a patch test is a necessary safety precaution. Apply a small amount of the diluted oil to an inconspicuous area, such as the inside of the forearm, and monitor the site for 24 hours for any sign of redness, itching, or irritation. If the skin shows a reaction, discontinue use immediately.