Florida is home to skunks, common nocturnal mammals that are part of the state’s diverse wildlife. Their presence is widespread, with specific species and behaviors varying by region.
Skunk Species and Habitats
Two skunk species inhabit Florida: the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and the eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius). The striped skunk is found throughout Florida, with the exception of the Keys, and adapts to both natural and residential areas. They prefer habitats with a mix of dense vegetation and open spaces, often utilizing large dead trees for dens.
The eastern spotted skunk is more elusive and less commonly sighted. This species typically inhabits wooded areas, rural farmlands, and rocky outcrops in specific parts of the state. They are found within dense scrub cover, which provides protection from predators. The eastern spotted skunk is considered a Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Florida, indicating its populations are at risk or declining due to habitat loss.
Distinctive Traits and Daily Life
Skunks are recognized by their contrasting black and white fur patterns. Striped skunks typically have a white triangular shape on their head that forks into two stripes running down their back and tail, though their coloration can vary. The eastern spotted skunk features a more broken or mottled pattern of white spots and stripes, often with a white triangle on its forehead. Striped skunks are comparable to a domestic cat, typically 13-18 inches long (excluding the tail) and weighing 4 to 10 pounds. Spotted skunks are smaller, often weighing between 0.5 to 1.3 pounds.
Skunks are primarily nocturnal, emerging from their dens at dusk to forage. They have poor eyesight but possess excellent senses of smell and hearing, which they use to navigate and find food. Their diet is omnivorous and opportunistic, consuming a wide variety of foods including insects, small rodents, eggs, fruits, nuts, and occasionally human refuse.
Their well-known defense mechanism involves spraying a strong-smelling musk from glands located near the base of their tails. This sulfur-based liquid can be aimed accurately up to 10-15 feet. Skunks use this spray as a last resort, typically after giving warnings like foot-stomping, hissing, or raising their tail.
Living Alongside Skunks
Coexisting with skunks involves minimizing their attraction to your property and knowing how to react during an encounter. Securing trash cans, feeding pets indoors, and removing fallen fruit can help deter them from your yard. Sealing potential entry points under decks, sheds, or porches with heavy-gauge wire or concrete can prevent them from denning in these spaces. Motion-activated lights can also be a deterrent, as skunks are nocturnal and sensitive to bright lights.
If you encounter a skunk, remain calm and move slowly to avoid startling it. Avoid sudden movements or loud noises, and give the skunk ample space to retreat. Skunks are generally not aggressive and will only spray if they feel threatened or cornered.
Skunks can carry rabies, so avoid approaching any animal that appears sick or unusually bold. If you observe such behavior, contacting animal control is advisable. Should a pet or property get sprayed, a solution of hydrogen peroxide, baking soda, and liquid dish soap can help neutralize the odor.