Coyotes are present throughout Florida, having successfully established themselves across diverse environments. These adaptable canids are now a common sight in rural areas, suburban neighborhoods, and urban green spaces.
Coyote Presence and Expansion in Florida
Coyotes were not historically found in Florida. Their presence resulted from a natural range expansion from western states, beginning in the 1960s and continuing southward. While some early reports from the 1930s suggest private releases, natural migration was the primary expansion method.
By 1983, coyotes were documented in 18 Florida counties, primarily in the panhandle. This number grew to 48 counties by 1990, and by 2007, their presence was confirmed in all 67 Florida counties. Coyotes are highly adaptable, thriving in diverse habitats including swamps, forests, agricultural areas, and urban parks. Their ability to integrate into various landscapes, including densely populated areas, makes them a permanent fixture in Florida’s wildlife.
Florida Coyote Characteristics and Habits
Florida coyotes are medium-sized canids, part of the same family as dogs, wolves, and foxes. They typically weigh between 20 and 35 pounds, with males generally larger. Their fur is commonly salt-and-pepper gray, often with tan or brown patches. They possess a thick, bushy tail, pointed ears, and a narrow muzzle. When running, a coyote usually carries its tail at “half-mast,” distinguishing it from many domestic dogs.
Coyotes are opportunistic omnivores, meaning their diet is varied and depends on what is readily available. Their food sources in Florida include small mammals like rodents and rabbits, insects, fruits, berries, and carrion. In urban and suburban settings, they may also consume pet food and unsecured garbage. While active at any time, coyotes are most active during crepuscular hours (dawn and dusk) and often at night, especially near human activity. They typically hunt alone or in pairs, rarely in larger groups.
Coexisting with Coyotes
Living alongside coyotes in Florida requires understanding their behavior and taking proactive measures to minimize potential conflicts. Coyotes are generally timid and prefer to avoid human contact, but they can become bolder if they associate people with food sources. Securing food attractants is a primary step. This includes keeping garbage cans securely covered, removing pet food left outdoors, and cleaning up fallen fruit or birdseed.
Supervising pets, particularly small dogs and cats, is important, as coyotes can prey on them. Keep cats indoors and walk dogs on a short, non-retractable leash, especially during dawn and dusk when coyotes are most active.
If a coyote approaches, practice “hazing” techniques to re-establish their natural fear of humans. This involves appearing large, waving arms, shouting loudly, and using noisemakers like an air horn or a “coyote shaker” (a can with pebbles). Throwing small objects towards, but not at, the coyote can also be effective.
Continue hazing until the coyote completely leaves the area. Report unusual aggression, such as close approaches, chasing joggers, or attacking leashed pets, to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) via their regional office or the Wildlife Alert Hotline.