The human body contains many regions often discussed using informal terms. This article will delve into a specific anatomical region, often informally called the “gooch,” clarifying its proper name and its presence across all individuals. Understanding these areas helps in gaining a clearer understanding of our anatomy and how our bodies are structured.
What is the Perineum?
The perineum is a diamond-shaped space located at the very bottom of the pelvis, positioned between the thighs. Its boundaries are defined by several bony landmarks: the pubic symphysis at the front, the coccyx (tailbone) at the back, and the ischial tuberosities (sitz bones) on either side.
This area is considered the most inferior portion of the pelvis, situated directly beneath the pelvic diaphragm. It encompasses both the external genitalia and the anal opening. While it includes the visible skin, the perineum also refers to the underlying tissues, muscles, and membranes that form the floor of the pelvic cavity. This complex arrangement supports various structures and plays a role in numerous bodily processes.
A Universal Feature
The perineum is a universal anatomical region present in all humans, regardless of sex assigned at birth. While the specific external structures within this region differ, the perineal space itself is a consistent feature of human anatomy. For instance, in individuals assigned male at birth, the perineum extends from the scrotum to the anus, containing structures like the bulb and root of the penis.
In individuals assigned female at birth, this region spans from the vulva to the anus, housing the clitoris, labia, and the openings of the urethra and vagina. Despite these variations in external genitalia, the fundamental diamond-shaped perineal area and its underlying components are shared across all people. This includes intersex individuals, emphasizing that the perineum is a standard part of human anatomical design.
Its Essential Functions
The perineum is a complex region housing muscles, nerves, and connective tissues that perform several bodily functions. It plays a role in supporting the pelvic organs, such as the bladder, bowels, and, in females, the uterus. The muscles within the perineum, including those that form part of the pelvic floor, are important for maintaining continence of both urine and feces, as this region contains parts of the anal and urethral sphincters.
Beyond these excretory roles, the perineum is also significant in sexual function, as it contains nerve endings and erectile tissues that contribute to sensation and arousal. During childbirth, the perineal muscles and tissues stretch to allow passage of the baby through the birth canal.