Diabetes can lead to various changes in sweating patterns. These alterations can manifest as either excessive sweating, known as hyperhidrosis, or as reduced or absent sweating, referred to as anhidrosis. These issues are common for individuals with diabetes and are often manageable with appropriate care.
Excessive Sweating
Excessive sweating often stems from two primary causes: low blood sugar and nerve damage. When blood sugar levels drop too low, typically below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), the body initiates a stress response. This response triggers the release of hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to profuse sweating. This sweating serves as a warning sign of hypoglycemia, prompting action to raise blood sugar levels.
Autonomic neuropathy, a type of nerve damage from long-standing diabetes due to consistently high blood sugar, is another cause. Damaged nerves may send incorrect signals to sweat glands, causing them to be overactive. This can result in excessive sweating in specific areas, such as the face, neck, chest, armpits, hands, or feet, while other parts of the body might remain dry. Some individuals with type 1 diabetes may experience excessive sweating in the upper body.
Reduced or Absent Sweating
Reduced or absent sweating, or anhidrosis, also stems from autonomic neuropathy. Nerve damage impairs the sweat glands’ ability to function, preventing them from receiving necessary signals to produce sweat. This can hinder the body’s ability to regulate its temperature, especially in warm environments or during physical activity.
Anhidrosis can pose health risks, including an increased risk of heat exhaustion and heatstroke, as the body struggles to cool itself efficiently. Individuals with anhidrosis might notice little to no perspiration, easily overheat, or feel dizzy and weak. The condition often affects the lower body first, such as the feet, leading to dry, cracked skin.
Managing Sweating Issues
Managing sweating issues in diabetes primarily involves careful blood sugar control and tailored strategies. For excessive sweating, particularly that related to low blood sugar, consistent blood glucose monitoring is important. Recognizing hypoglycemia symptoms and having fast-acting carbohydrates readily available can help quickly address these episodes.
For issues caused by autonomic neuropathy, maintaining stable blood sugar levels is important for preventing further nerve damage. For anhidrosis, strategies focus on preventing overheating, such as staying well-hydrated, wearing loose, breathable clothing, and avoiding prolonged exposure to hot environments. Topical urea-based creams may also be prescribed for dry skin resulting from anhidrosis.
If sweating patterns change significantly, become bothersome, or are accompanied by other symptoms like dizziness or chest pain, consulting a healthcare provider is important. A medical professional can help determine the underlying cause and suggest specific treatments. These may include prescription-strength antiperspirants, oral medications like anticholinergics, or botulinum toxin injections for localized excessive sweating. Adjustments to diabetes medication might also be considered if they are contributing to sweating issues.