Dry mouth, or xerostomia, occurs when salivary glands don’t produce enough saliva to keep the mouth adequately moist. Denture users often wonder if their adhesive contributes to this condition. Understanding the various factors influencing saliva production is key to addressing these concerns.
Understanding Dry Mouth
Dry mouth is characterized by a sticky sensation, frequent thirst, and a dry or sore throat. Individuals might also experience difficulty speaking or swallowing, cracked lips, and a changed sense of taste. These symptoms arise from insufficient saliva, which plays an important role in maintaining oral health.
Saliva is more than just water; it contains enzymes, minerals, and antimicrobial compounds. It lubricates the mouth for chewing, speaking, and swallowing, and helps wash away food particles, neutralize acids, and protect against tooth decay and gum disease. Several factors unrelated to denture adhesives can cause dry mouth. These include various medications (such as antihistamines or antidepressants), systemic health conditions (like Sjögren’s syndrome or diabetes), radiation therapy to the head and neck, dehydration, or habitually breathing through the mouth.
Denture Adhesives and Their Composition
Denture adhesives are substances designed to improve the retention and stability of dentures. They come in various forms, including creams, powders, and strips. These adhesives are applied to the denture surface that contacts the gums, creating a seal that helps hold the prosthetic in place.
The main purpose of these adhesives is to enhance the fit, especially when natural bone structure changes over time. Many denture adhesives contain common adhesive agents. Some formulations also include zinc, which enhances bonding and adhesion.
The Link Between Denture Adhesives and Dry Mouth
For most individuals, denture adhesives themselves do not directly cause dry mouth. Their function is to create a secure bond between the denture and the oral tissues, a process that typically does not interfere with salivary gland function. However, concerns have arisen regarding the overuse of certain zinc-containing denture adhesives.
While zinc is a necessary mineral for overall health, excessive intake can lead to adverse effects. Overconsumption of zinc, particularly from using large amounts of zinc-containing denture adhesives over prolonged periods, can lead to copper deficiency. Copper deficiency can manifest with neurological symptoms, such as nerve damage, numbness, or tingling sensations in the extremities. Although rare, this copper deficiency could indirectly affect bodily functions. This issue is typically associated with chronic overuse, such as using two or more tubes of adhesive per week, far exceeding recommended amounts.
Managing Dry Mouth When Using Dentures
Individuals experiencing dry mouth while using dentures should first consult a dentist. A dental professional can assess denture fit, rule out underlying medical conditions, or identify medications that might be contributing to dry mouth. Ensuring dentures fit properly can reduce the need for excessive adhesive.
Opting for zinc-free denture adhesives is advisable if there is any concern about zinc intake from these products. Several strategies can help stimulate saliva flow:
Chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugar-free lozenges.
Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
Using over-the-counter saliva substitutes in the form of gels or sprays for temporary relief.
Maintaining good oral hygiene, including thorough cleaning of both dentures and remaining oral tissues, is important for managing dry mouth and preventing complications.