Diarrhea can be a symptom of COVID-19. While the virus is most commonly associated with respiratory issues, gastrointestinal manifestations, including diarrhea, have been observed. Experiencing diarrhea could be an indicator of a COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of more typical symptoms.
Diarrhea as an Initial Symptom
Diarrhea can be an early indicator of COVID-19, sometimes appearing as the first or only symptom. Studies show diarrhea is a common sign of COVID-19 and can be an initial notable symptom. Approximately 14.2% of individuals with COVID-19 have reported gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial presentation. This symptom often occurs in the early stages of the disease and typically resolves within a few days, though it can persist for up to a week.
The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea in COVID-19 is linked to how the SARS-CoV-2 virus interacts with the body. The virus gains entry into human cells primarily through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. These receptors are abundantly expressed not only in the lungs but also in various other tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. This widespread distribution of ACE2 receptors allows the virus to infect cells in the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and loss of appetite. When digestive issues like diarrhea are present, patients are more likely to have the virus detected in their stool samples.
Other Common Indicators
Beyond diarrhea, COVID-19 presents with a range of other common symptoms that vary widely among individuals. These include fever, cough, and fatigue. Many people also experience a new loss of taste or smell, sore throat, headache, and body aches. Shortness of breath is also a common respiratory indicator.
The combination and severity of symptoms can differ significantly from person to person. Some individuals may experience only mild symptoms, while others may develop more severe illness. While diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues can be present, they often occur alongside these more commonly recognized respiratory and systemic symptoms.
Guidance for Symptoms
If you are experiencing symptoms such as diarrhea, especially if accompanied by other indicators like fever, cough, or fatigue, it is important to monitor your condition. Isolating yourself helps prevent the spread of the virus to others. Getting tested for COVID-19 is recommended if symptoms are present, particularly if you have been in contact with someone known to have the virus.
Should your symptoms worsen, or if you experience severe manifestations such as difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, new confusion, inability to wake or stay awake, or bluish lips or face, seek immediate medical attention. For less severe but persistent diarrhea, especially if it lasts more than two days, consulting a healthcare professional is also recommended. Hydration and rest are important for managing mild symptoms at home.