COVID-19 can impact various bodily systems, including the kidneys, in diverse ways. While kidney pain is not a typical symptom, the virus can affect kidney function and health. This can lead to complications, some of which may cause discomfort or require medical attention.
COVID-19’s Impact on Kidneys
COVID-19 can affect the kidneys through several mechanisms. Direct viral infection occurs as kidney cells express the ACE2 receptor, which the virus uses to enter cells. This direct invasion can damage renal cells.
The body’s immune response also plays a role. A severe inflammatory response, or “cytokine storm,” can result in high levels of proteins that may damage kidney tissue. COVID-19 also increases the risk of blood clot formation, which can obstruct small kidney blood vessels, impeding blood flow and causing injury.
Indirect factors also contribute to kidney problems during COVID-19. These include dehydration, low blood pressure, and side effects from medications. Acute kidney injury (AKI), a sudden decline in kidney function, is a common complication, especially in hospitalized patients.
Recognizing Kidney-Related Symptoms
Kidney pain is discomfort in the back and sides of the upper abdomen, often called flank pain. It is felt below the ribs and above the hips, and may be worse on one side. Unlike general back pain, which fluctuates with movement, kidney pain is often a dull, constant ache that usually does not change with body position.
Kidney pain is often accompanied by other symptoms, including:
- Changes in urination, such as reduced output, increased frequency, or changes in urine color (e.g., cloudy, dark, or bloody).
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet.
- Fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Loss of appetite.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention if you experience kidney pain or related symptoms during or after a COVID-19 infection. Contact your healthcare provider if you have constant, dull, one-sided pain in your back or side, especially with fever, body aches, or fatigue. A recent urinary tract infection, pain during urination, or visible blood in your urine also warrant immediate medical consultation.
Emergency care is necessary for sudden, severe kidney pain, especially with blood in the urine. Other red flags include severe swelling, confusion, or any worsening of symptoms. While kidney pain is not a common COVID-19 symptom, kidney damage is a serious complication requiring professional medical evaluation.
Supporting Kidney Health During and After COVID-19
Supporting kidney health during and after COVID-19 involves general health practices and specific considerations. Staying hydrated is recommended, as dehydration can strain kidneys, unless medically advised otherwise. Managing underlying health conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure is also important, as these increase kidney complication risk.
Avoid nephrotoxic medications, which are harmful to kidneys, unless prescribed and monitored by a doctor. Examples include certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some antibiotics. Following medical recommendations and maintaining regular communication with healthcare providers is important, especially if you experienced kidney injury. Regular follow-up tests, including blood and urine tests, can help monitor kidney function and detect long-term issues.