Clogged ears, characterized by a feeling of fullness or pressure and muffled hearing, are a common symptom with various causes. With the emergence of new illnesses, people often wonder about potential connections. This article explores the link between COVID-19 and clogged ears, along with other frequent causes and guidance on when to seek medical attention.
COVID-19 and Ear Congestion
COVID-19 can lead to clogged ears, primarily through its impact on the respiratory system. The virus often causes inflammation and congestion in the nasal passages and throat. This inflammation can extend to the Eustachian tubes, narrow passages connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat.
When inflamed, these tubes swell and narrow, disrupting the normal process of equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment. This can lead to air pressure imbalances or fluid buildup behind the eardrum, causing clogged ears. Less commonly, some studies suggest the virus might directly affect ear structures, contributing to ear symptoms.
Other Common Causes of Ear Congestion
Beyond COVID-19, many other common conditions can cause ear congestion. Upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold or flu, lead to inflammation and mucus production that can block the Eustachian tubes, similar to how COVID-19 affects them. Allergies also cause swelling and increased mucus, which can trap fluid in the middle ear. Sinus infections, whether bacterial or viral, can generate pressure and inflammation that extend to the ears.
Physical blockages are another reason for clogged ears. Earwax buildup, known as cerumen impaction, can obstruct the ear canal. Rapid changes in air pressure, such as during air travel, scuba diving, or driving in mountainous regions, can temporarily imbalance pressure in the middle ear. Fluid remaining in the middle ear after an infection, known as otitis media with effusion, can also cause persistent congestion.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While ear congestion often resolves on its own, certain symptoms warrant medical evaluation. Seek attention if you experience severe ear pain that does not improve, or if the pain is accompanied by a fever. Fluid drainage from the ear, which may indicate an infection, is another reason to consult a healthcare professional.
Other concerning symptoms include sudden or significant hearing loss, persistent dizziness or vertigo, or persistent ringing in the ears (tinnitus). If your ear congestion symptoms last for more than a few days, or worsen despite home care, seek medical advice to rule out underlying issues.
Relieving Ear Congestion
For many instances of clogged ears, several simple techniques can provide relief. Swallowing, yawning, or chewing gum can help activate the muscles that open the Eustachian tubes, allowing pressure to equalize. The Valsalva maneuver involves taking a deep breath, closing your mouth, and gently blowing air out while pinching your nostrils shut.
Over-the-counter nasal decongestant sprays can reduce swelling in the nasal passages, helping clear the Eustachian tubes. However, these sprays should only be used for a few days to avoid rebound congestion. Warm compresses applied to the affected ear or steam inhalation from a hot shower or a bowl of hot water can also help loosen mucus and reduce discomfort. Nasal saline rinses can also clear nasal congestion contributing to ear blockages.