Experiencing bloody mucus can be concerning, especially with heightened awareness of respiratory symptoms like those associated with COVID-19. This article will address the connection between COVID-19 and bloody mucus, explore other common reasons for its appearance, and provide guidance on when to seek medical attention.
COVID-19 and Bloody Mucus
While COVID-19 does not typically list bloody mucus as a primary symptom, the effects of infection can lead to its presence. The virus can cause inflammation within the nasal passages, making delicate blood vessels susceptible to breaking. This irritation, combined with dryness during illness, can result in blood mixing with nasal mucus, particularly when blowing the nose.
A persistent or severe cough, a common symptom of COVID-19, can also irritate the lining of the airways. The forceful expulsion of air during coughing can rupture tiny blood vessels in the throat or lungs, leading to small streaks or a pinkish tinge of blood in the mucus.
Cases of hemoptysis (coughing up blood) have been reported in COVID-19 patients, though this symptom is not common and rarely an initial sign. Additionally, COVID-19 testing, which involves a nasal swab, can sometimes cause minor trauma to the nasal lining, leading to a temporary nosebleed and subsequent bloody mucus.
Other Common Causes of Bloody Mucus
Beyond COVID-19, many other conditions can cause blood-tinged mucus, with infection and inflammation being the most frequent culprits. Dry air, particularly during colder months or in arid climates, can dry out the delicate membranes in the nose and airways, making them prone to cracking and bleeding. This irritation can easily lead to visible blood when clearing mucus.
Nosebleeds are a common source of blood that can mix with mucus. Blood from a nosebleed can drain backward into the throat or appear in nasal secretions. Forceful nose blowing or picking can also damage fragile blood vessels in the nasal passages, resulting in bloody mucus.
Upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold, sinusitis, or bronchitis, often cause inflammation and increased mucus production. The irritation and persistent coughing associated with these infections can lead to minor bleeding in the airways. Allergic reactions can also cause inflammation and congestion, and constant wiping or blowing can introduce blood into the mucus. Certain medications, especially blood thinners, can increase the likelihood of bleeding from delicate tissues.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While bloody mucus is often due to minor irritation, it is important to know when medical evaluation is needed. Seek prompt medical attention if you are coughing up a significant amount of blood, particularly more than a few teaspoons.
Seek medical attention if the bloody mucus is persistent, lasting more than a few days or a week, or if the amount of blood increases over time. Contact a healthcare provider if bloody mucus is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain, unexplained weight loss, dizziness, or a rapid heart rate.