COVID-19 is a respiratory illness with a wide range of symptoms. While it primarily affects the respiratory system, it can also impact other parts of the body. This article explores how COVID-19 affects tonsils, how to differentiate these symptoms, and when medical attention is advised.
How COVID-19 Impacts Tonsils
COVID-19 can affect the tonsils, leading to inflammation, swelling, and pain. The tonsils are part of the immune system, acting as a first line of defense against pathogens. When the SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the body, the tonsils, as lymphoid tissues, can become inflamed as they fight off the infection. This inflammatory response contributes to throat discomfort.
While a sore throat is a frequent symptom of COVID-19, tonsillitis is not a typical manifestation. However, rare instances of acute tonsillitis have been reported in individuals with COVID-19. Throat symptoms can range from mild irritation to significant pain, making swallowing difficult. These symptoms may not be present in every case, as the virus can present in various ways.
Differentiating COVID-Related Tonsil Symptoms
Distinguishing COVID-related tonsil symptoms from those caused by other common illnesses can be challenging due to overlapping signs. A sore throat from COVID-19 often resembles other viral sore throats, such as those caused by the common cold or influenza. These viral infections typically present with additional respiratory symptoms like a cough, runny nose, body aches, and fatigue. The onset of COVID-19 symptoms also tends to be more gradual compared to some other infections.
In contrast, bacterial tonsillitis, often caused by Group A Streptococcus (strep throat), usually presents with a rapid onset of severe sore throat, pain while swallowing, and fever. Key differentiating features of strep throat can include red and swollen tonsils with white patches or streaks of pus, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Unlike viral infections, strep throat typically does not involve a cough or runny nose. When differentiating, consider the presence of other accompanying symptoms; for instance, loss of taste or smell is more indicative of COVID-19. A definitive diagnosis often requires professional medical evaluation and specific testing.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention if your tonsil-related or other symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days. If you experience difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, or new confusion, seek immediate emergency medical care. A high-grade fever (above 100.4°F or 38°C) that does not respond to over-the-counter medication also warrants medical consultation.
If your symptoms, including a sore throat, persist for an extended period or significantly worsen, contact a healthcare provider for advice. They can determine if COVID-19 testing is necessary or if your symptoms are due to another condition. Testing for COVID-19 is advised if symptoms are concerning, and rapid at-home tests are generally reliable for current variants.