Many individuals wonder if stomach pain is a recognized symptom of COVID-19. This article explores the connection between COVID-19 and stomach pain, delving into its prevalence and the biological mechanisms that contribute to its occurrence.
Stomach Pain as a COVID-19 Symptom
Stomach pain is a recognized symptom of COVID-19, though often less commonly highlighted than respiratory issues like cough or fever. While a majority of COVID-19 cases present with respiratory symptoms, approximately 50% of individuals with the virus have reported gastrointestinal symptoms, including stomach pain. Among hospitalized patients, about 14.5% experienced abdominal pain upon presentation.
Digestive issues can appear as initial symptoms of the infection, and for some, they might be the only signs of COVID-19. Other commonly reported gastrointestinal symptoms are loss of appetite, diarrhea, and nausea. While abdominal pain is less prevalent than diarrhea or nausea, it can occur, often stemming from inflammation in the intestine due to the infection.
How COVID-19 Affects the Digestive System
The SARS-CoV-2 virus directly affects the digestive system through its interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. These receptors are abundantly expressed on the surface of cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine and colon, serving as entry points for the virus into human cells. Once the virus binds to these ACE2 receptors, it can directly infect cells within the gut, leading to cellular damage and disruption of normal digestive functions.
Beyond direct infection, COVID-19 can induce stomach pain through broader systemic effects. The body’s immune response to the virus often results in widespread inflammation, which can extend to the digestive tract. This inflammation can damage the protective barrier of the stomach and intestines, contributing to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, in addition to abdominal discomfort. Furthermore, the virus can alter the balance of the gut microbiota. This dysbiosis can further promote inflammation and affect gut barrier permeability, potentially exacerbating digestive symptoms.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you experience stomach pain or other digestive symptoms that you suspect might be related to COVID-19, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable for proper diagnosis and guidance. While many mild digestive symptoms may resolve on their own, certain signs warrant prompt medical attention. These include persistent or severe abdominal pain that does not subside, signs of severe dehydration such as extreme thirst, dry mouth, dark urine, or dizziness, and persistent vomiting that makes it difficult to keep fluids down. Additionally, if you observe blood in your stool or vomit, or if you develop a high fever (over 101°F or 38.3°C) accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, seek immediate care. Testing for COVID-19 is important if you suspect your symptoms are linked to the virus, as this can confirm the diagnosis and help guide appropriate management.